Acoustic levitation: recent developments and emerging opportunities in biomaterials research

Weber, Richard J.; Benmore, C. J.; Tumber, S. K.; Tailor, Amit N.; Rey, Charles A.; Taylor, Lynne S.; Byrn, Stephen R.

doi:10.1007/s00249-011-0767-3

Cited by 64 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Over the past decades, this method has also been proven to be very robust for various other systems, including jets (Ronay 1978a, b), bubbles (Leighton 1994;Brennen 1995), liquid samples of blood and biological tissues (Weiser and Apfel 1982;Weber et al 2012) and soap bubbles (Kornek et al 2010;Grinfeld 2012). The very early work of Rayleigh (1879) and Lamb (1881) showed that a liquid that is deformed from its equilibrium state can be treated as an oscillator (system), where surface tension provides the restoring force.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast imaging method to measure surface tension and viscosity of inkjet-printed droplets in flight

Staat

Bos²,

Berg³

et al. 2016

Exp Fluids

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(Wijshoff 2010). The solvents carry the pigment particles to the medium and evaporate, solidify or crystallize, while the surfactants prevent wetting of the nozzle plate and promote spreading of the droplet after it impacts the underlying medium. In order to accurately control the droplet formation process, its in-flight dynamics, and subsequent interaction with the substrate, it is key to quantify the liquid properties of the droplet during the entire inkjet-printing process.The surface tension of a surfactant solution is determined by the concentration of adsorbed surfactant molecules at the liquid-air interface. When a fresh interface is formed, the surface tension equals that of the solvent (Ohl et al. 2003) and it decreases while surfactants adsorb at the interface, until reaching an equilibrium surfactant concentration. The associated timescales of the adsorption process are governed by the diffusion time of the surfactant molecules to diffuse from the so-called adsorption depth h to the interface (Ferri and Stebe 2000). This depth depends on the bulk surfactant concentration, the critical micelle concentration and the surface concentration of surfactants at equilibrium surface tension (Ferri and Stebe 2000). The typical diffusion time then scales with the surfactant diffusion coefficient D as τ D ∼ h 2 /D and ranges from milliseconds to days, depending on the surfactant type and surfactant concentration (Chang and Franses 1995;Eastoe and Dalton 2000). As the surfactants in inkjet printing must act before the ink dries, it is required that they adsorb as fast as possible. Droplet formation, however, is an extremely fast process that takes in the order of 10 µs, which is shorter than the approximately 100 µs that a droplet is typically in flight and much shorter than the time a droplet needs to evaporate, which is several seconds (Staat et al. 2016). A surfactant with a typical adsorption time scale of the order of milliseconds is considered a fast-adsorbing surfactant Abstract In modern drop-on-demand inkjet printing, the jetted droplets contain a mixture of solvents, pigments and surfactants. In order to accurately control the droplet formation process, its in-flight dynamics, and deposition characteristics upon impact at the underlying substrate, it is key to quantify the instantaneous liquid properties of the droplets during the entire inkjet-printing process. An analysis of shape oscillation dynamics is known to give direct information of the local liquid properties of millimeter-sized droplets and bubbles. Here, we apply this technique to measure the surface tension and viscosity of micrometer-sized inkjet droplets in flight by recording the droplet shape oscillations microseconds after pinch-off from the nozzle. From the damped oscillation amplitude and frequency we deduce the viscosity and surface tension, respectively. With this ultrafast imaging method, we study the role of surfactants in freshly made inkjet droplets in flight and compare to complementary techniques for dynamic surface tension me...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast imaging method to measure surface tension and viscosity of inkjet-printed droplets in flight

Staat

Bos²,

Berg³

et al. 2016

Exp Fluids

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“…To overcome this limitation, new levitation techniques have been proposed to manipulate and to transport small samples of solids and liquids. [23][24][25][26][27][28] These new techniques offer many possibilities in the areas of biology, 29 chemistry, 30 pharmacy, 6,31 and in the handling of microelectronic components. 32,33 A possible application is to replace the conveyor belts of modern industries for new types of transportation systems that can transport micro components and substances without contact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear characterization of a single-axis acoustic levitator

Andrade

Ramos

Okina

et al. 2014

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The nonlinear behavior of a 20.3 kHz single-axis acoustic levitator formed by a Langevin transducer with a concave radiating surface and a concave reflector is experimentally investigated. In this study, a laser Doppler vibrometer is applied to measure the nonlinear sound field in the air gap between the transducer and the reflector. Additionally, an electronic balance is used in the measurement of the acoustic radiation force on the reflector as a function of the distance between the transducer and the reflector. The experimental results show some effects that cannot be described by the linear acoustic theory, such as the jump phenomenon, harmonic generation, and the hysteresis effect. The influence of these nonlinear effects on the acoustic levitation of small particles is discussed.

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“…The acoustic levitation [1,2,3] has been developing from the 70-90's as a contactless technology in chemical and pharmaceutical industry [4,5] of ultra-pure materials. The technology facilitates preventing the liquid contamination and intensifying the chemical reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential and Variational Formalism for an Acoustically Levitating Drop

2016

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Starting with a most general problem on interface waves between two ideal compressible fluids, treated here as an ullage gas and a liquid, respectively, and separating fast and slow time scales, differential and variational formalism for an acoustically levitating drop and its time-averaged shape (the drop vibroequilibrium) is developed. The drop vibroequilibria can differ from spherical shape; stable vibroequilibria are associated with local minima of the quasipotential energy whose analytical form is also derived in the present paper.

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Acoustic levitation: recent developments and emerging opportunities in biomaterials research

Cited by 64 publications

References 36 publications

Ultrafast imaging method to measure surface tension and viscosity of inkjet-printed droplets in flight

Ultrafast imaging method to measure surface tension and viscosity of inkjet-printed droplets in flight

Nonlinear characterization of a single-axis acoustic levitator

Differential and Variational Formalism for an Acoustically Levitating Drop

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