Acoustic Logging Methods

Ellis, Darwin V.; Singer, Julian M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4602-5_19

Cited by 36 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In equilibrium, both spin states exist at equal energies, and the distribution of hydrogen atoms occupying each spin state is essentially equal; however, in the presence of an external magnetic field, B o , the spins can align themselves parallel to B o or antiparallel to B o . As expected, a greater proportion of spins will exist in the low energy state, leading to the development of a net, bulk magnetization vector …”

Section: Pulsed Field Gradient Nmr Theorysupporting

confidence: 55%

“…When the pulse of electromagnetic radiation is ceased, the high energy, rotated magnetization vector begins to rotate about the axis parallel to B o to re-establish equilibrium. As the magnetization vector rotates, it generates an electric signal in the receiver coils, which is the NMR signal …”

Section: Pulsed Field Gradient Nmr Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of this phenomenon and spin–spin relaxation mechanisms, each spin constituting the magnetization vector starts to rotate at a different rate, leading to a gradual dephasing and subsequent loss of transverse magnetization. The rate at which the transverse magnetization is lost is characterized by the T 2 relaxation time …”

Section: Pulsed Field Gradient Nmr Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Method To Evaluate Reaction Kinetics of Acids with Carbonate Rocks Using NMR Diffusion Measurements

et al. 2019

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In this work, a new method to evaluate the reaction kinetics of different stimulation fluids with carbonate rocks was introduced. NMR diffusion measurements were used to determine the acid diffusion coefficient and the acid tortuous path inside carbonate rocks. Reaction kinetics can also be evaluated using rotating disk apparatus (RDA) in which a disc is rotated in the bulk fluid at different rotational speeds. RDA does not represent the actual, restricted acid diffusion that takes place in the porous media because only the surface of the rock is exposed to the reaction and the acid is not confined in the porous media. NMR diffusion measurements can accurately describe and determine the acid restricted diffusion in porous media. The diffusion coefficient of the acid is a crucial term in describing the reaction kinetics of acids with carbonate rocks. It is also used to predict the optimum injection rate required during the acidizing treatment and the soaking time for different fluids required to remove scales and deposits in the wellbore. The restricted diffusion was determined for different fluids such as GLDA chelating agent, HEDTA chelating agent, and EDTA chelating agent. Core flooding experiments for each fluid were conducted to determine the optimum injection rate. NMR restricted diffusion measurements then were conducted to determine the restricted diffusion and in turn to determine the optimum injection rate. The optimum injection rate estimated from the NMR was compared to that from the core flooding experiments. The results were a good match showing that NMR is a suitable, reliable, and robust method to evaluate reaction kinetics of different fluids with carbonate rocks.

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Section: Pulsed Field Gradient Nmr Theorysupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Pulsed Field Gradient Nmr Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pulsed Field Gradient Nmr Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Method To Evaluate Reaction Kinetics of Acids with Carbonate Rocks Using NMR Diffusion Measurements

et al. 2019

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“…The power law ( 26) is thus adequate for sedimentary basins in which overburden data, typically calculated from density logs (Ellis and Singer, 2008), can be fit to a function such as (28). Substituting Eq.…”

Section: The Heterogeneous Casementioning

confidence: 99%

Land subsidence surrogate models for normally consolidated sedimentary basins

Baù

2022

Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment

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“…Evaluation of petrophysical properties through well-logging data is a necessity for the recognition and assessment of hydrocarbons (HC) presence in a reservoir. Quality of well logging data also plays a significant role in determining HC production potential as well logging data are regularly utilized for seismic velocity calibration, wavelet estimation, low-frequency model building, and time-to-depth conversion that yield a high-quality seismic reservoir description [1]. Several studies [2][3][4][5] have concluded that relationships between various petrophysical parameters, reservoir characterization, and production rate analysis minimize reservoir evaluation uncertainty.…”

Section: Introduction 1well Logging and Reservoir Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Study of Petrophysical Evaluation Utilizing Well Logs Data with Optimization of Reservoir Cut-off Parameters

Mahmud

Bennour

2020

Int. J. Petrol. Technol.

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Petrophysical evaluation of well log data is essential for the exploration and evaluation of hydrocarbon-bearing formations. Moreover, there are no standard criteria to implement cut-offs on petrophysical properties as a direction for economic decisions. In the present work, a petrophysical evaluation of well logging data from four wells in a mature oil field is performed to identify formation quality as a potential for hosting mature hydrocarbons reservoirs. Full consideration of cut-off values was taken into account. The cut-offs were estimated from well-recognized petrophysical relationships for permeability as a function of porosity, water saturation, and shale content. Results verification and calibration were also made based on laboratory measurements of petrophysical properties obtained from available core plugs in order to minimize uncertainty. Lithology analysis and characteristics revealed that the target formation is mainly sand and shale sequences. Results from well logs were in agreement with results obtained from core data. Formation effective porosity varies from 16 to 26% in all wells. A wide range of variations is observed in water saturation ranging from 28 to 57% and permeability ranging from 20 to 3300 mD. This is in good agreement with other measurements and well log analysis that show the mature formation remains to be a good hydrocarbon reservoir with significant potential.

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Acoustic Logging Methods

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

A New Method To Evaluate Reaction Kinetics of Acids with Carbonate Rocks Using NMR Diffusion Measurements

A New Method To Evaluate Reaction Kinetics of Acids with Carbonate Rocks Using NMR Diffusion Measurements

Land subsidence surrogate models for normally consolidated sedimentary basins

Case Study of Petrophysical Evaluation Utilizing Well Logs Data with Optimization of Reservoir Cut-off Parameters

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