“…For example, visual inspection showed that 4% of wheat samples from 79 U.S. grain elevators were infested with insects, while incubation of the same wheat samples over 3 to 6 weeks showed 16% insect infestation (Storey et al, 1982). Other detection techniques include: (a) selective fluorescent stains (Milner et al, 1950a), (b) x-ray inspection (Milner et al, 1950b;Schatzki and Fine, 1988;Keagy and Schatzki, 1993;Throne, 1994;AACC, 2001;Haff, 2001), (c) cracking and flotation (AACC, 2001), (d) acid hydrolysis test (Trauba et al, 1981;AACC, 2001), (e) immunological technique (Kitto, 1991;Quinn et al, 1992;Schatzki et al, 1993), (f) machine vision (Zayas and Flinn, 1998;Ridgway et al, 2001), (g) acoustic and acousto-fluidic detection methods (Shuman et al, 1993;Mankin et al, 1997;Chesmore and Nellenbach, 2001;Drzewiecki and Shuman, 2001), and (h) near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (Chambers and Ridgway, 1996;Chambers, 1996, 1998;Ghaedian and Wehling, 1997;Dowell et al, 1998Dowell et al, , 1999Baker et al, 1998;Ridgway et al, 1999;Cheewapramong and Wehling, 2001;Ridgway et al, 2001). Pedersen (1992) and Brader et al (2002) reviewed some of these screening methods for insect contamination in wheat.…”