Acoustic microscopy at optical wavelengths

Jipson, V. B.; Quate, C. F.

doi:10.1063/1.89931

Cited by 75 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The acoustic microscope used in this study was developed by Lemons and Quate (3) and was modified to operate as a reflection instrument at nearly opitcal wavelengths by Jipson and Quate (4). The basic operation of a reflection acoustic microscope can be understood with reference to Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic microscopy of living cells.

Hildebrand¹,

Rugar²,

Johnston³

et al. 1981

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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This paper reports preliminary results of the observation by acoustic microscopy of living cells in vitro. The scanning acoustic microscope uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images with submicrometer resolution. The contrast observed in acoustic micrographs of living cells depends on the acoustic properties (i.e., density, stiffness, and attenuation) and on the topographic contour of the cell. Variation in distance separating the acoustic lens and the viewed cell also has a profound effect on the image. When the substratum is located at the focal plane, thick regions of the cell show a darkening that can be related to cellular acoustic attenuation (a function of cytoplasmic viscosity). When the top of the cell is placed near the focal plane, concentric bright and dark rings appear in the image. The location of the rings can be related to cell topography, and the ring contrast can be correlated to the stiffness and density of the cell. In addition, the character of the images of single cells varies dramatically when the substratum upon which they are grown is changed to a different material. By careful selection of the substratum, the information content of the acoustic images can be increased. Our analysis of acoustic images of actively motile cells indicates that leading lamella are less dense or stiff than the quiescent trailing processes of the cells.The scanning acoustic reflection microscope is a novel way of investigating biological materials with submicrometer resolution. The information content of acoustic images differs from that of optical or electron microscopic images. Acoustical images contain information about mechanical properties of the object: density, stiffness, and acoustic attenuation. An acoustic microscope with water as the coupling medium has been used to image subcellular detail in fixed cells (1). A liquid argon-coupled acoustic microscope has been used to image human metaphase chromosomes with a resolution of 0.38 ttm (2) opening angle. The spherical interface focuses the acoustic beam to a diffraction-limited spot in the liquid (5). A portion of the acoustic energy is reflected by the object. The reflected acoustic waves are collected by the lens and converted back into an electrical signal by the transducer. The detected acoustic power determines the brightness of a picture element in the acoustic micrograph. The acoustic image of the object is formed point-by-point as the object is mechanically scanned in a raster pattern. The time to record an image is typically 30 sec. The image is visually displayed on a cathode-ray-tube screen and the face of that screen is photographed to preserve the image.The contrast-observed in reflection acoustic images is a function of the mechanical properties of the object and of lens-toobject spacing. When living cells are imaged, the acoustic return is typically maximal when the surface of the substratum is located in the focal plane of the lens. We define this position as Z = 0. The mathematical notation for the acoustic lens output ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic microscopy of living cells.

Hildebrand¹,

Rugar²,

Johnston³

et al. 1981

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Since the demonstration of a scanning acoustic microscope by Lemons and Quate [4], many researchers have explored the possibilities of acoustic microscopy. Using water as the coupling medium between the transducer and the sample, a resolution on the order of optical wavelengths has been demonstrated [5]. One of the appeals of using sound to image materials is the possibility of detecting subsurface defects in materials that are opaque optically, but relatively transparent (i.e., non-attenuating) acoustically.…”

Section: Pulsed Acoustic Microscopy and Picosecond Ultrasonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picosecond ultrasonic microscopy of semiconductor nanostructures

Grimsley

Che

Antonelli

et al. 2011

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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We report on a picosecond ultrasonics study of nanostructures by high frequency ultrasound. A sound pulse is generated when an ultra short laser pulse is absorbed in a metal transducer film. The sound propagates across a thin layer (0.5-2 microns) of water and is then reflected from the surface of the sample being examined. The efficiency of optoacoustic detection of the reflected sound is enhanced through the use of a resonant optical cavity. We report on experiments in which sound is reflected from patterned nanostructures. In these experiments we are able to study the propagation of sound down narrow sub-100 nm channels.

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“…When Eqs. (1) and (2) are plotted after all of the above parameters are defined, the power distribution of the longitudinal and shear waves for traveling in the solid are obtained, for example, as shown in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Liquid-solid Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This objective has generally been pursued with two approaches; one approach was to raise the acoustic frequency [2]. By means of this approach, Hadimiooglu and Quate achieved a resolution of 0.2 µ by operating at about 4.4 GHz with the specimen in boiling water to minimize the attenuation of the coupling medium [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Shear Wave Lens Design for Improved Resolution with Acoustic Microscope

1999

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This paper presents a practical new lens design for acoustic microscopy. The new lens provides a factor-of-2 higher resolution than currently available commercial lenses for acoustic microscopy, and a reduction in the influence of surface roughness on the image formation. Analysis, computer simulations, and demonstration examples provide convincing evidence that new lens design works efficiently. Whereas most current lens designs emphasize the use of longitudinal waves, the designs presented here focus on the use of transverse or shear waves. In the present study, two kinds of lens designs have been developed: One is a "center-sealed" acoustic lens used at the center frequency of 400 MHz and 1 GHz for use with acoustic tone bursts, and the other is a "high-NA acoustic lens" used in the center frequency of 30 MHz for use with short pulses. The center-sealed acoustic lens has its center area aperture sealed to prevent longitudinal waves from traveling into the sample so that the acoustic image is substantially composed of shear wave components. The "high-NA" acoustic lens has an aperture with a large aperture angle for exciting shear waves in the object. In this study, the mechanisms of image formation with both of these lenses are described and their features are evaluated.

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Acoustic microscopy at optical wavelengths

Cited by 75 publications

References 3 publications

Acoustic microscopy of living cells.

Acoustic microscopy of living cells.

Picosecond ultrasonic microscopy of semiconductor nanostructures

Practical Shear Wave Lens Design for Improved Resolution with Acoustic Microscope

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