Acoustic monitoring of short-term ingestive behavior and intake in grazing sheep

Galli, Julio R.; Cangiano, C. A.; Milone, Diego H.; Laca, Emilio A.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2011.02.007

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Given the demonstrated applicability of acoustic signals to assess herbage intake (Laca et al, 2000;Galli et al, 2011), future research steps must be focused on the automation of herbage intake measurements, as well as, on the application of acoustic monitoring as novel precision grazing management tool. Future equipment development must also focus on both integral applications that allow temporary storage or easy transfer of processed results via wireless network, and on intelligent power supply systems, that can assure long-time operation of acoustic devices and embedded microprocessors in field applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laca et al (1992) instrumented an inward-facing microphone on the forehead of steers to register stronger and readily distinguishable sounds of bites, chews and chew-bites. Consequently, acoustic monitoring proved to be a more effective methodology to discriminate sensitive differences in feeding and rumination than previous jaw recorders or visual observation methods (Ungar and Rutter, 2006), and since then it has been increasingly applied as a research tool to study different aspects of grazing behavior in sheep and cattle (Galli et al, 2006;Galli et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The algorithm successfully detected 89%, 58%, and 56% of chews, bites and compound chew-bites in grazing sheep, respectively. Galli et al (2011) further tested this algorithm to demonstrate the feasibility of using acoustic variables to estimate herbage dry matter intake in grazing sheep. Subsequently, Milone et al (2012) developed a new algorithm that hereafter will be referred as CBHMM (Chew-Bite Hidden Markov Model) that extended upon previous HMMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A real-time algorithm for acoustic monitoring of ingestive behavior of grazing cattle

Chelotti

Vanrell

Milone

et al. 2016

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture

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a b s t r a c tAssessment of both grazing behavior and herbage intake are two very difficult tasks that can be concurrently accomplished by means of accurate detection, classification and measurement of grazing events such as chews, bites and chew-bites. It is well known that acoustic monitoring is among the best methods to automatically quantify and classify ingestive and rumination events in grazing animals. However, most existing methods of signal analysis appear to be computationally complex and costly, and are therefore difficult to implement. In this work, we present and test a novel analysis system called Chew-Bite Real-Time Algorithm (CBRTA) that works fully automatically in real-time to detect and classify ingestive events of grazing cattle. The system employs a directional wide-frequency microphone facing inwards on the forehead of animals, and a coupled signal analysis and decision logic algorithm that measures shape, amplitude, duration and energy of sound signals to iteratively detect and classify ingestive events. Performance and validation of the CBRTA was determined using two databases of grazing signals. Signals were recorded on dairy cows offered either, natural pasture (N ¼ 25), or experimental micro-swards in indoor controlled environment (N ¼ 50). The CBRTA exhibited a simple linear complexity capable to execute 50 times faster than real-time and without undermining overall recognition rate and accuracy when signals were processed at 4 kHz sampling frequency and 8 bits quantization. Furthermore, CBRTA was capable to detect ingestive events with a 97.4% success rate, while achieving up to 84.0% success for their classification as exclusive chews, bites or composite chew-bites. The methodology proposed with CBRTA has promising application in embedded microcomputer systems that necessarily depend on fast real-time execution to minimize computational load, power source and storage memory. Such a system can readily facilitate the transmission of processed data through wireless network or the storage in an onboard device.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A real-time algorithm for acoustic monitoring of ingestive behavior of grazing cattle

Chelotti

Vanrell

Milone

et al. 2016

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture

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“…Other approaches of PLF specifically with sound analysis worth mentioning are for instance, the detection and counting of screams in pigs for stress assessment (Schön et al, 2004;Moura et al, 2008a;Vandermeulen et al, 2015). Acoustic monitoring was also used to estimate the dry matter intake of grazing sheep (Galli et al, 2011). Techniques used in human speech processing were applied to recognise different cow calls (Jahns, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early recognition of bovine respiratory disease in calves using automated continuous monitoring of cough sounds

Vandermeulen

Bahr

Johnston

et al. 2016

Computers and Electronics in Agriculture

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a b s t r a c tBovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex in calves impairs health and welfare and causes severe economic losses for the Stockperson. Early recognition of BRD should lead to earlier veterinary (antibiotic/ anti-inflammatory) treatment interventions thereby reducing the severity of the disease and associated costs. Coughing is one of the clinical manifestations of BRD. It is believed that by automatically and continuously monitoring the sounds within calf houses, and analysing the coughing frequency, early recognition of BRD in calves is possible. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to develop an automated calf cough monitor and examine its potential as an early warning system for BRD in artificially reared dairy calves. The coughing sounds of 62 calves were continuously recorded by a microphone over a three-month period. A sound analysis algorithm was developed to distinguish calf coughs from other sounds (e.g. mechanical sounds). During the sound recording period the health of the calves was assessed and scored periodically per week by a trained human observer. Calves presenting with BRD received antibiotic and/or anti-inflammatory treatment and the dates of treatment were recorded. This treatment date reference served as a comparison for the investigation of whether an increase in coughing frequency could be related to calves developing BRD. The calf cough detection algorithm achieved 50.3% sensitivity, 99.2% specificity and 87.5% precision. Four out of five periods, where coughing frequency was observed to be increased, coincided with the development of BRD in more than one calf. This period of increased coughing frequency was always observed before the calves were treated. Therefore, the calf cough monitor has the potential to identify early onset of BRD in calves.

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“…The most recent devices are based on sensors, such as silicone-tube nosebands recording electrical resistance (Rutter et al, 1997), microphones for both intake (Delagarde et al, 1999;Galli et al, 2011;Nadin et al, 2012) and rumination (Reith and Hoy, 2012), mercury switches (Scheibe et al, 1998;Delagarde et al, 1999), and uniaxial, biaxial or tri-axial accelerometers (Scheibe et al, 1998;Nielsen, 2013;Umemura, 2013;Oudshoorn et al, 2013). The relative advantages of these devices depend on the number of variables recorded (including rumination time and bite frequency), their simplicity and robustness in use, specificity and accuracy of grazing-activity detection, method of transferring the data to a computer, degree of automation for data-processing, and financial cost and commercial availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily grazing time of dairy cows is recorded accurately using the Lifecorder Plus device

Delagarde

Lamberton

2015

Applied Animal Behaviour Science

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Acoustic monitoring of short-term ingestive behavior and intake in grazing sheep

Cited by 51 publications

References 20 publications

A real-time algorithm for acoustic monitoring of ingestive behavior of grazing cattle

A real-time algorithm for acoustic monitoring of ingestive behavior of grazing cattle

Early recognition of bovine respiratory disease in calves using automated continuous monitoring of cough sounds

Daily grazing time of dairy cows is recorded accurately using the Lifecorder Plus device

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