Acoustic Reflexes in Aural Atresia Patients: Evidence of an Intact Efferent System?

Abstract

Objective: To record crossed acoustic reflex thresholds (xART’s) postoperatively from patients after surgical repair of unilateral congenital aural atresia (CAA). To seek explanations for when xARTs can and cannot be recorded. We hope to understand the implications for this central auditory reflex despite early afferent deprivation. Methods: Patients who underwent surgery to correct unilateral CAA at a tertiary academic medical were prospectively enrolled to evaluate for the presence of xART. Preoperative ARTs in the normal (non-atretic) ear, and postoperative ipsilateral ARTs (stimulus in the normal ear) and contralateral ARTs (stimulus in the newly reconstructed atretic ear; record in the normal ear) were measured at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz. Results: Four of 11 patients with normal ipsilateral reflex thresholds preoperatively demonstrated crossed acoustic reflexes postoperatively (stimulus in reconstructed ear; record from normal ear). Four other patients demonstrated normal ipsilateral thresholds preoperatively but did not have crossed reflexes postoperatively. No reflexes (pre- or postoperatively) could be recorded in 3 patients. Crossed reflex threshold is significantly correlated with the postoperative audiometric threshold. There was no correlation between ipsilateral and contralateral reflex thresholds. Conclusion: Crossed acoustic reflexes can be recorded from some but not all postoperative atresia patients, and the thresholds for those reflexes correlate with the postoperative pure tone threshold. The presence of acoustic reflexes implies an intact CN VIII-to-opposite CN VII central reflex arc despite early unilateral sound deprivation.

Comparison of Outcomes of Surgery Versus Implantable Device for the Treatment of Hearing Loss Associated With Congenital Aural Atresia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…An overview of the search process can be found in Figure 1. Descriptive features of articles about atresia surgery can be found in Supplemental Content 2, http://links.lww.com/MAO/B684 (9,10,18–52), and descriptive features of articles about implantable devices can be found in Supplemental Content 3, http://links.lww.com/MAO/B685 (8,10,22,43,47,48,53–99). All articles selected for inclusion were at least level 4 based on Oxford Level of Evidence.…”