Acoustic shaping - Application to space based construction

Wanis, Sam; Matos, C.; Komerath, Narayanan

doi:10.2514/6.2000-1020

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…We adjusted the translating stage such that the distance between the transducer and reflector was four wavelengths. In this configuration, there were eight pressure nodes which are regions in the acoustic field that are stable equilibrium attractors where particles will be in potential field minima's 21,22 . It is at those locations where particles will get attracted to so long as they have an impedance greater than their host medium which is the case for dust particles (Earth air, or Martian atmosphere).…”

Section: Acoustic Fif Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust Mitigation using Noncontact Field-Induced Forces

Wanis

Lee

2011

41st International Conference on Environmental Systems

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The technology described in this paper discusses the potential for eliminating dust particles from a surface through noncontact means. In harsh environments like the lunar or Martian surface the problem of fine dust particles adhering to the surface of solar panels and optical surfaces poses a problem to mission duration and optical device performance. We demonstrate that acoustic field-induced forces (FIF) detach, trap, and translate particles with no physical contact. This technology thereby shows potential for cleaning optical surfaces without introducing damage to the surface as well as allowing for scale-up to cover large areas where an atmosphere exists such as on the Martian surface or on earth prior to launch. Experiments relying on acoustic fields created a force field landscape in the region between a transducer and the contaminated glass surface. That force field was then responsible for removing dust particles, trapping them, and translating them to a repository site. We report on experimental and computational evidence that an acoustic FIF can, in principle, be used to clean surfaces where there is a host fluid available (such as in the Martian or earth atmosphere). We have established proof-of-principle through experiments that removed both well-controlled particles with a narrow diameter distribution, as well as Arizona road dust, with a wide diameter distribution from a glass surface. The challenge is to extend the application of FIF to lunar and Martian dust particles and include other sources of FIF such as electromagnetic waves. Nomenclature A= Hamaker constant a = particle radius f = frequency h = separation distance between particle periphery and surface at which attractive and repulsive electrostatic forces balance λ = wavelength k = wavenumber ( k v = wave-vector)

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Section: Acoustic Fif Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dust Mitigation using Noncontact Field-Induced Forces

Wanis

Lee

2011

41st International Conference on Environmental Systems

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“…The similarity between the governing equations for acoustic and electromagnetic force generation was shown, and used to develop a scaling relationship for the acceleration per unit intensity, experienced by particles of given materials (Komerath, Wanis, and Czechowski, 2003). Experimental evidence was then used to compare the forces on millimeter-sized particles in resonant acoustic fields (Wanis et al 1998;Wanis, Sercovich, and Komerath, 1999;Wanis, Matos and Komerath, 2000) to micron-sized particles in visible-range laser beams (Ashkin, 2000;Rohrbach and Stelzer, 2001;Grier, 2003;Zhan, 2003). In subsequent work we (Wanis and Komerath, 2004) explored the influence of the particle material properties, and the separation of wavelengths needed for formation of walls, versus those for heating and sintering the surfaces.…”

Section: Introduction and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Particle-Particle Interaction in Electromagnetic Fields for Force-Field Tailoring

Wanis¹,

Rangedera²,

Komerath³

2007

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Tailored electromagnetic force fields offer the possibility of forming structures ranging in size from micrometers to kilometers from loose particles. In prior work, the analogy between primary radiation forces in acoustics and electromagnetics was used to develop and validate a scaling relationship in the Rayleigh regime. This scaling indicated that a 100m x 100m radio-frequency solar-powered resonator could form radiation-shielded structural modules large enough for human habitation. Force predictions on a single particle in a microwave field have been experimentally validated. In this paper, secondary forces due to particle interaction are linked to first principles, and a dipole model is used to facilitate solutions. Secondary forces are shown to determine the shape of structures formed. The dipole model serves to illustrate similarities and differences between acoustic and electromagnetic fields. The nature of the dipole interaction shows that walls form naturally in acoustic fields. In electromagnetic fields, chains can be formed, with walls or other structures formed from these chains. Finite element simulations are used to derive interesting field patterns using given combinations of low-order modes. A 2-dimensional time-stepping calculation shows chains forming in given fields, while a 3-dimensional calculation shows small chains forming into more complex structures. Thus the force-field tailoring problem is reduced to one represented by well-known equations and solution techniques for both primary and secondary forces.

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“…The prospect of tailoring potential fields for automatic, large-scale space-based construction was presented in 1999 3 , and has been followed up through several papers. The fundamental phenomenon behind force-field tailoring is the force generated on objects placed within a resonator, driving them to stable locations where they organize into walls or chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System Design of Large Space Structures Using Tailored Force Fields

Komerath

Satyshur²,

Rangedera³

et al. 2006

Space 2006

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The ability to build massive objects in space using mass from extraterrestrial sources is key to the human exploration and development of Space. We report on progress towards space-based construction, using the concept of Tailored Force Fields (TFF). The concept and validation status are summarized for background. The paper explores options in implementing the architecture, in order to study how best to utilize the concept to advance the space program. The direct mission architecture (DMA) originally developed for concept exploration, envisaged sending a robotic Rockbreaker craft to extract raw material from a Near-Earth object, followed by the TFF construction system, all powered by solar sails. An alternative Economic Evolution Architecture (EEA) is considered, but fails due to the requirement for earth-launched mass. These scenarios are adapted into an Extraterrestrial Mass for Cislunar Economy Architecture (EMCEA) where the material extracted from an NEO is returned to the earth-moon system, where a closed microwave resonator is used to construct components of space stations, to be assembled using telepresence. The DMA is deferred until most of its challenges are addressed through experience with the EMCEA. Nomenclature G

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Acoustic shaping - Application to space based construction

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Dust Mitigation using Noncontact Field-Induced Forces

Dust Mitigation using Noncontact Field-Induced Forces

Particle-Particle Interaction in Electromagnetic Fields for Force-Field Tailoring

System Design of Large Space Structures Using Tailored Force Fields

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