Acoustic Streaming and Its Suppression in Inhomogeneous Fluids

Karlsen, Jonas Tobias; Qiu, Wei; Augustsson, Per; Bruus, Henrik

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.054501

Cited by 73 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…As discussed more fully in § 2, the mechanism underlying this large-amplitude streaming is the baroclinic production of sound-wave vorticity arising from the misalignment of fluctuating isobars and mean isopycnals. Similarly, non-classical streaming phenomena have been observed in microfluidic systems with gradients in density; in particular, Karlsen et al (2016Karlsen et al ( , 2018 recently obtained a local expression for the acoustic force density driving the streaming flow as a function of the acoustic-wave characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Indeed, by numerically integrating the streaming equations (2.15)-(2.19) together with the wave amplitude equation (3.16) and eigenvalue problem (3.9), the instantaneous dynamics need not be simulated using supercomputing resources (e.g. as in Loh et al (2002)) nor approximated by alternatively time-advancing the wave dynamics and the streaming flow (Karlsen et al 2018). Our algorithm thereby enables accurate and inexpensive numerical simulations over several thousand acoustic-wave periods to be performed in a regime where the waves and streaming flow are strongly coupled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…one-way coupling). Subsequently, Karlsen et al (2016Karlsen et al ( , 2018 also noted this two-way coupling in their computational studies of acoustic streaming in inhomogeneous fluids. Nevertheless, to make analytical progress, Chini et al (2014) considered a small Prandtl-number limit in which the coupling is effectively one way.…”

Section: Leading-order Multiscale Wave/mean-flow Interaction Equationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…These changes are evident in the early experiments of Fand & Kaye (1960) and in subsequent experiments and numerical simulations; see e.g. Loh et al (2002), Hyun et al (2005), Lin & Farouk (2008), Nabavi et al (2008), Atkas & Ozgumus (2010), Dreeben & Chini (2011) and Karlsen et al (2018). Consequently, the resulting flow and associated transport cannot be computed simply by coupling the corresponding isothermal (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong wave–mean-flow coupling in baroclinic acoustic streaming

Michel

Chini

2018

J. Fluid Mech.

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The interaction of an acoustic wave with a stratified fluid can drive strong streaming flows owing to the baroclinic production of fluctuating vorticity, as recently demonstrated by Chini et al. (J. Fluid Mech., 744, 2014, pp. 329-351). In the present investigation, a set of wave/mean-flow interaction equations is derived that governs the coupled dynamics of a standing acoustic-wave mode of characteristic (small) amplitude and the streaming flow it drives in a thin channel with walls maintained at differing temperatures. Unlike classical Rayleigh streaming, the resulting mean flow arises at O( ) rather than at O( 2 ). Consequently, fully two-way coupling between the waves and the mean flow is possible: the streaming is sufficiently strong to induce O(1) rearrangements of the imposed background temperature and density fields, which modifies the spatial structure and frequency of the acoustic mode on the streaming time scale. A novel Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin-Jeffreys analysis is developed to average over the fast wave dynamics, enabling the coupled system to be integrated strictly on the slow time scale of the streaming flow. Analytical solutions of the reduced system are derived for weak wave forcing and are shown to reproduce results from prior direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the compressible Navier-Stokes and heat equations with remarkable accuracy. Moreover, numerical simulations of the reduced system are performed in the regime of strong wave/mean-flow coupling for a fraction of the computational cost of the corresponding DNS. These simulations shed light on the potential for baroclinic acoustic streaming to be used as an effective means to enhance heat transfer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leading-order Multiscale Wave/mean-flow Interaction Equationsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong wave–mean-flow coupling in baroclinic acoustic streaming

Michel

Chini

2018

J. Fluid Mech.

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“…The cross-over from boundary-to bulk-driven horizontal streaming rolls may be characterized by the height-towidth ratio B = lL z /L : we compute the critical value B crit , where the velocity ratio (39) is unity, and thus, l L z L < B crit , boundary-driven streaming dominates, l L z L > B crit , bulk-driven streaming dominates. (40) For water, Eq. (39) leads to the ratio B crit water = 0.35, and since L z = 0.1L in the setup of Figs.…”

Section: Bulk-driven Versus Boundary-driven Streaming Rollsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk-driven acoustic streaming at resonance in closed microcavities

Bach

Bruus

2019

Phys. Rev. E

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Bulk-driven acoustic (Eckart) streaming is the steady flow resulting from the time-averaged acoustic energy flux density in the bulk of a viscous fluid. In simple cases, like the one-dimensional single standing-wave resonance, this energy flux is negligible, and therefore the bulk-driven streaming is often ignored relative to the boundary-driven (Rayleigh) streaming in the analysis of resonating acoustofluidic devices with length scales comparable to the acoustic wavelength. However, in closed acoustic microcavities with viscous dissipation, two overlapping resonances may be excited at the same frequency as a double mode. In contrast to single modes, the double modes can support a steady rotating acoustic energy flux density and thus a corresponding rotating bulk-driven acoustic streaming. We derive analytical solutions for the double modes in a rectangular box-shaped cavity including the viscous boundary layers, and use them to map out possible rotating patterns of bulk-driven acoustic streaming. Remarkably, the rotating bulk-driven streaming may be excited by a non-rotating actuation, and we determine the optimal geometry that maximizes this excitation. In the optimal geometry, we finally simulate a horizontal 2-by-2, 4-by-4, and 6-by-6 streaming-roll pattern in a shallow square cavity. We find that the high-frequency 6-by-6 streaming-roll pattern is dominated by the bulk-driven streaming as opposed to the low-frequency 2-by-2 streaming pattern, which is dominated by the boundary-driven streaming.arXiv:1905.09132v1 [physics.flu-dyn]

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Sonoporation: Past, Present, and Future

Rich

Tian

Huang

2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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only contribute to fundamental studies in areas of biology, bioengineering, and medicine, but also benefit several life-changing technologies, such as cell-based therapies, protein therapeutics, vaccines, as well as the reprogramming of cells. [22] Among the current delivery approaches, the viral vector-based approach is often considered the gold standard for the delivery of nucleic acids. [22] However, due to notable weaknesses such as biohazards, inconsistent results, and labor-intensive manufacturing, [22][23][24] physical permeabilization approaches are being pursued, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]22] including electroporation, [25,26] hydroporation, [27][28][29][30][31][32] mechanoporation, [25,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] and sonoporation. [41,42] These approaches are noted as advanced due to their high throughputs, cost-effectiveness, and universal nature to deliver a variety of cargos regardless of cell type. [3] Of the physical permeabilization approaches, sonoporation wields great potential and has been demonstrated as an efficacious technology for delivering a variety of functional cargos, such as biomolecular drugs, proteins, and plasmids, to different types of cells, such as cancer, immune, and stem cells. [43][44][45][46][47][48] Sonoporation was discovered in the 1980s, a golden age of intracellular delivery, in which quite a few physical permeabilization methods were invented. [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] Sonoporation enhances the intracellular delivery of cargos into cells by employing acoustic waves to disrupt their membranes. [22,[59][60][61][62] Traditional sonoporation approaches typically rely on ultrasound-induced bubble dynamic behaviors, such as inertial cavitation, noninertial (stable) cavitation, and bubble translation. [49][50][51][52] However, the bubble-based sonoporation approaches usually require special contrast agents, [63][64][65][66][67][68] which adds a new dimension of complexity and cost to the use of sonoporation. Moreover, bubble-based approaches have a high chance of inducing irreversible cell damage, lowering the cell viability, as well as reducing the effectiveness of delivered cargos. [69][70][71][72][73] Therefore, several novel non-bubble-based sonoporation approaches, such as those based on acoustic radiation force and acoustic streaming-induced shear force, are being developed to overcome the limitations of bubble-based sonoporation approaches. Although there are several review papers on the mechanisms and applications of bubble-based sonoporation, [61,62,[74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88] they have neglected some of the newly developed mechanisms. Therefore, this review article covers recent innovations in bubble-based and especially in non-bubble-based sonoporation. The following sections review the sonoporation mechanisms, A surge of research in intracellular delivery technologies is underway with the increased innovations in cell-based therapies and cell reprogramming. Particularly, physical cell membrane p...

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Acoustic Streaming and Its Suppression in Inhomogeneous Fluids

Cited by 73 publications

References 50 publications

Strong wave–mean-flow coupling in baroclinic acoustic streaming

Strong wave–mean-flow coupling in baroclinic acoustic streaming

Bulk-driven acoustic streaming at resonance in closed microcavities

Sonoporation: Past, Present, and Future

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