Acoustic stria: Anatomy of physiologically characterized cells and their axonal projection patterns

Smith, Philip H.; Massie, Ann; Joris, Philip X.

doi:10.1002/cne.20407

Cited by 80 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…OnC's are hypothesized to provide glycinergic wideband-inhibitory inputs to the DCN and PVCN, and project to the contralateral CN (Smith et al, 2005(Smith et al, , 1989Arnott et al, 2004). OnI (octopus cells) units project to the contralateral ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) where they terminate in a calyx ending on cells that are glycinergic (e.g., Adams and Wenthold, 1987;Saint Marie et al, 1997;) and project to the ipsilateral inferior colliculus (IC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response patterns to sound associated with labeled globular/bushy cells in cat

Rhode

2008

Neuroscience

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The mammalian cochlear nucleus (CN) consists of a diverse set of neurons both physiologically and morphologically that are involved in processing different aspects of the sound signal. One class of CN neurons that is located near the entrance of the auditory nerve (AN) to the CN has an oval soma with an eccentric nucleus and a short-bushy dendritic tree and is called a globular/bushy cell (GBC). They contact the principal cells of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) with the very large calyx of Held that is one of the most secure synapses in the brain. Because MNTB cells provide an inhibitory input to the lateral superior olive, a structure purported to play a role in lateralizing high frequency sounds, GBC physiology is of great interest. Results were obtained with intracellular recording and subsequent labeling with neurobiotin of 32 GBCs along with a number of cells characterized extracellularly as likely GBCs in the cochlear nucleus (CN) of cat. Their poststimulus discharge response pattern to repeated tones varies from a primarylike pattern, i.e., similar to the AN, to a primarylike pattern with a 0.5 to 2 ms notch after the initial spike, to an onset pattern with a lowsustained rate. They can represent low frequency tones and amplitude modulated signals exceptionally well with a temporal code.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response patterns to sound associated with labeled globular/bushy cells in cat

Rhode

2008

Neuroscience

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“…Many, but probably not all, D stellate cells project to the contralateral cochlear nuclei (Arnott et al 2004;Cant and Gaston 1982;Needham and Paolini 2003). T stellate cells are narrowly tuned and fire tonically in responses to tones, whereas D stellate cells are more broadly tuned and fire transiently at the onset of tones (Arnott et al 2004;Blackburn and Sachs 1989;Jiang et al 1996;Nelken and Young 1994;Palmer and Winter 1996;Smith and Rhode 1989;Smith et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperpolarization-Activated Currents Regulate Excitability in Stellate Cells of the Mammalian Ventral Cochlear Nucleus

Rodrigues¹,

Oertel²

2006

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Rodrigues, Aldo Rogelis A. and Donata Oertel. Hyperpolarizationactivated currents regulate excitability in stellate cells of the mammalian ventral cochlear nucleus. J Neurophysiol 95: 76 -87, 2006. First published September 28, 2005 doi:10.1152/jn.00624.2005. The differing biophysical properties of neurons the axons of which form the different pathways from the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) determine what acoustic information they can convey. T stellate cells, excitatory neurons the axons of which project locally and to the inferior colliculus, and D stellate cells, inhibitory neurons the axons of which project to the ipsi-and contralateral cochlear nuclei, fire tonically when they are depolarized, and, unlike other cell types in the VCN, their firing rates are sensitive to small changes in resting currents. In both types of neurons, the hyperpolarization-activated current (I h ) reversed at -40 mV, was activated at voltages negative to Ϫ60 mV, and half-activated at approximately Ϫ88 mV; maximum hyperpolarization-activated conductances (g h max ) were 19.1 Ϯ 2.3 nS in T and 30.3 Ϯ 2.6 nS in D stellate cells (means Ϯ SE). Activation and deactivation were slower in T than in D stellate cells. In both types of stellate cells, 50 M 4(N-ethyl-N-phenylamino)1,2-dimethyl-6-(methylamino) pyridinium chloride (ZD7288) and 2 mM Cs ϩ blocked a 6-to 10-fold greater conductance than the voltage-dependent g h determined from Boltzmann analyses at -62 mV. The voltageinsensitive, ZD7288-sensitive conductance was proportional to g h max and g input . 8-Br-cAMP shifted the voltage dependence of I h in the depolarizing direction, increased the rate of activation, and slowed its deactivation in both T and D stellate cells. Reduction in temperature did not change the voltage dependence but reduced the maximal g h with a Q 10 of 1.3 and slowed the kinetics with a Q 10 of 3.3.

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“…The exact locations of the incisions as well as the rhodamine administration 145 methods were determined according to the types of targeted neurones [37]. 146 Fig.…”

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“…This possibility is further substantiated by the 475 fact that these two cell types seem to have almost negligi-476 ble physiological differences in cats [37]; consequently, even 477 the simultaneous functional measurements cannot completely 478 exclude false identification. [27] suggest 483 an easy identification.…”

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Rhodamine backfilling and confocal microscopy as a tool for the unambiguous identification of neuronal cell types: A study of the neurones of the rat cochlear nucleus

Pocsai

Pál

Pap

et al. 2007

Brain Research Bulletin

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Adequate interpretation of the functional data characterising the projection neurones of the cochlear nucleus (CN) is impossible without the unequivocal classification of these cell types at the end of the experiments. In this study, morphological criteria applicable for unambiguous identification of CN neurones have been sought. The neurones were labelled with rhodamine from incisions severing the projection pathways of the individual cell types, allowing their selective labelling and morphological characterisation. Confocal microscopy was employed for the investigation of the rhodamine-filled cells whose morphology was assessed after reconstructing the three-dimensional images of the cell bodies and proximal processes. The diameters of the somata and the number of processes originating from the cell bodies were also determined. In most of the cases, unambiguous identification of the bushy, octopus and Purkinje-like cells was relatively straightforward. On the other hand, precise classification of the pyramidal cells was often difficult, especially because giant cells could easily possess morphological features resembling pyramidal neurones. Occasionally, giant cells also mimicked the appearance of octopus neurones, which may be another important source of identification error, especially as these two cell types are often situated close to each other in the CN. It is concluded that morphological criteria defined in the present work may be effectively applied for the unambiguous identification of the projection neurones of the CN, even following functional measurements, when the correct cell classification is essential for the interpretation of the experimental data. Moreover, the present study also confirmed that Purkinje-like cells project to the cerebellum. [6,7,10,16,[21][22][23]33,39,42], in which the projection neurones in the posterior part of the ventral CN (pVCN); giant cells are 38 scattered in both the VCN and the dorsal CN (DCN); whereas 39 pyramidal neurones and Purkinje-like cells (PLCs) are found 40 in the DCN only. The activity of neuronal networks consisting 41 of the projection cells and the numerous interneurones ensures 42 that the incoming acoustic information is not merely distributed, 43 but processed in the CN. Consequently, the projection neurones 44 actively contribute to the decoding of the acoustic information. 45 The axons of these cells form the efferent pathways targeting 46 various structures in the brain stem, and carry information about 47 different aspects of the sound stimuli (amplitude, onset, duration, 48 etc.). 49In a study aiming at the description and understanding of 50 the activity of such a complex neuronal structure as the CN, 51 it is imperative to clearly define the functional contribution of The experiments were conducted on 1-month-old Wistar rats (from both 111 sexes) following a protocol that was authorised by the Ethical Committee of the 112 University of Debrecen and was in accordance with the appropriate international 113 and Hungarian laws. The animals we...

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Acoustic stria: Anatomy of physiologically characterized cells and their axonal projection patterns

Cited by 80 publications

References 90 publications

Response patterns to sound associated with labeled globular/bushy cells in cat

Response patterns to sound associated with labeled globular/bushy cells in cat

Hyperpolarization-Activated Currents Regulate Excitability in Stellate Cells of the Mammalian Ventral Cochlear Nucleus

Rhodamine backfilling and confocal microscopy as a tool for the unambiguous identification of neuronal cell types: A study of the neurones of the rat cochlear nucleus

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