Acoustic Trauma in Man: Clinical and Experimental Studies

Perlman, H. B.

doi:10.1001/archotol.1941.00660040469001

Cited by 46 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Exposure time varied from four to 24 hours. Progression in the extent of changes in the sensory cells as a result of noise exposure involved: (1) an increase in formation of blebs on the surface of the sensory hairs; (2) vesiculation proceeding to vacuolization of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) system; (3) heavy accumulation of lysosomal granules in the subcuticular region; (4) cuticular plates of the sensory cells deformed; and (5) eventual cell rupture and lysis. The space occupied by the destroyed sensory cell was immediately sealed off by the Deiter cell processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Damage of the Cochlea: A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Observation

Lim¹,

Melnick

1971

Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

163

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Damage of the Cochlea: A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Observation

Lim¹,

Melnick

1971

Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery

163

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“…Permian (35) emphasizes the difficulty of determining cause and effect relationship with respect to auditory loss. He gives the following list of the relevant factors influencing the degree of the loss: (1) "The problem of determining how much damage of the hearing is due to the accompanying pathologic process and how much is due to industrial noise is a difficult one; each case must be judged individually" (18).…”

Section: L\ Ifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial noise and hearing.

Sleight¹,

Tiffin²

1948

Journal of Applied Psychology

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Industrial noise has increased steadily with growth in mechanization. As an undesirable feature of the industrial environment, noise today is of increasing conern to many groups. There is some evidence that in the industrial situation noise is a contributing factor to inefficiency, fatigue, lowered morale, absenteeism, accidents, and labor turnover. Probably, however, the most incontestable evidence is that industrial noise contributes to deafness. It is the purpose of this article to summarize certain published studies on the relation of noise to impairment of hearing, and to note the possible implications of the findings from the standpoint of compensation for the resultant disability.Generally conceded to mean any unwanted sound, noise has been rather thoroughly studied. In order to study noise and its effect, it is necessary to measure it. Its accurate measurement, i.e., determination of its intensity and composition, is now possible. Intensity is most often measured by a sound-level meter. This is an instrument having a microphone which is placed in the noise field. The resultant electrical current output of the microphone is then indicated on a calibrated decibel scale. The intensity is usually expressed in terms of the decibel, a unit which may have its zero point standardized at approximately the least sound that can be heard by the "normal" ear. The composition of a noise is essentially determined by an analyzer which indicates the intensity of the frequency components of the complex sound. Dependable noise measurement is not a simple process and usually requires the services of a skilled acoustic technician.Hearing, related as it is to noise and being an integral part of the health of the industrial worker, must be precisely and accurately measured. An instrument designed to do this measuring of a person's auditory acuity is the audiometer. Important in making adequate hearing measurements, in addition to the audiometer, are a sound-proofed testing room, or at least a room in which the ambient noise is low and stable, and the services of suitably trained technicians.Noise and hearing measurement, although requiring some equipment and trained personnel, is not very expensive and may be highly desirable, especially in "noisy" industries.

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“…Some of the earliest, albeit indirect, evidence for this level dependence appear decades prior to Greenwood (1961) in studies of temporary threshold shift (TTS). In response to an intense fatiguing tone, the greatest threshold elevations occur at a frequency shifted by about 0.5 to 1 octave higher than that of the fatiguing tone (Perlman, 1941). This “half-octave” shift in TTS suggests that the BM traveling wave resulting from the intense fatiguing tone peaked at a more basal location, causing a threshold elevation at the frequency associated with that more basal location (McFadden, 1985; Johnstone et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A level adjusted cochlear frequency-to-place map for estimating tonotopic frequency mismatch with a cochlear implant

Sagi,

Svirsky

2024

Preprint

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ObjectivesTo provide a level-adjusted correction to the current standard relating anatomical cochlear place to characteristic frequency in humans, and to re-evaluate anatomical frequency mismatch in cochlear implant (CI) recipients considering this correction. It is hypothesized that a level-adjusted place-frequency function may represent a more accurate tonotopic benchmark for CIs in comparison to the current standard.DesignThe present analytical study compiled data from fifteen previous animal studies that reported iso-intensity responses from cochlear structures at different stimulation levels. Extracted outcome measures were characteristic frequencies and centroid-based best frequencies at 70 dB SPL input from 47 specimens spanning a broad range of cochlear locations. A simple relationship was used to transform these measures to human estimates of characteristic and best frequencies, and non-linear regression was applied to these estimates to determine how the standard human place-frequency function should be adjusted to reflect best frequency rather than characteristic frequency. The proposed level-adjusted correction was then compared to average place-frequency positions of commonly used CI devices when programmed with clinical settings.ResultsThe present study showed that the best frequency at 70 dB SPL (BF70) tends to shift away from characteristic frequency (CF). The amount of shift was statistically significant (signed-rank test z = 5.143, p < 0.001), but the amount and direction of shift depended on cochlear location. At cochlear locations up to 600° from the base, BF70 shifted downwards in frequency relative to CF by about 4 semitones on average. Beyond 600° from the base, BF70 shifted upwards in frequency relative to CF by about 6 semitones on average. In terms of spread (90% prediction interval), the amount of shift between CF and BF70 varied from relatively no shift to nearly an octave of shift. With the new level-adjusted frequency-place function, the amount of anatomical frequency mismatch for devices programmed with standard of care settings is less extreme than originally thought, and may be nonexistent for all but the most apical electrodes.ConclusionsThe present study validates the current standard for relating cochlear place to characteristic frequency, and introduces a level-adjusted correction for how best frequency shifts away from characteristic frequency at moderately loud stimulation levels. This correction may represent a more accurate tonotopic reference for CIs. To the extent that it does, its implementation may potentially enhance perceptual accommodation and speech understanding in CI users, thereby improving CI outcomes and contributing to advancements in the programming and clinical management of CIs.

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Acoustic Trauma in Man: Clinical and Experimental Studies

Cited by 46 publications

References 11 publications

Acoustic Damage of the Cochlea: A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Observation

Acoustic Damage of the Cochlea: A Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Observation

Industrial noise and hearing.

A level adjusted cochlear frequency-to-place map for estimating tonotopic frequency mismatch with a cochlear implant

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