Acoustic Velocity with Relation to Chemical Constitution in Alcohols

Abstract

The results of this investigation extend and confirm conclusions given in the literature deduced from sound velocity and auxiliary data concerning alcohols. Acoustic velocities at 500 kcps were measured in a large number of alcohols and in three series of alcoholic binary solutions with a precision ultrasonic interferometer within the temperature range of 0°–80°C. Viscosities were determined at 25°C and densities within the range 14°–37°C. At fixed temperature, increase in sound velocity with increase in number of carbon atoms in primary alcohols follows a simple exponential law. The square root of the viscosity varies inversely as the molecular sound velocity. Secondary alcohols have lower sound velocities than the corresponding primary isomers because of lower densities. The increment in van der Waals' b per CH2 group is about 20 cm3 per mol. This holds true for all the homologous series studied. Fluorinated alcohols have much lower sound velocities than the alcohols from which they were derived. Rao's constant (molecular sound velocity) drifts somewhat with temperature, which is to be expected for associated liquids. The three series of binary solutions studied were n-propanol and isopropanol, n-propanol and n-octadecanol, and aqueous solutions of a propane diol derivative. Apparent molal adiabatic compressibilities for the component taken to be the solute vary as the square root of the molality at fixed temperatures.

Densities and Dielectric Permittivities of Four Polyhydric Alcohols

“…Our results for 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol agree with those of Marks (1967) and Mellan (1962) within (2 × 10 -4 g‚cm -3 . Our density values for 1,2,6-hexanetriol are in agreement with those of Tess et al (1957) with the same accuracy, but the density at 20°C by Marks (1967) is greater than ours by 3.4 × 10 -3 g‚cm -3 .…”

“…1,7-Heptanediol, 629-30-1; 2,5-hexanediol, 2935-44-6; 1,2,6-hexanetriol, 106-69-4; 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 107-41-5. (Ikada, 1971) 1.1030 d 20 4 ) 1.1030 (Tess et al, 1957) 0.9216 (Mellan, 1962) 1.1064 (Marks, 1967) 0.9220 (Marks, 1967) 30 0.9145 0.91390 (Ikada, 1971) 1.0970 d 30 4 ) 1.0972 (Tess el al., 1957) 0.9145 (Mellan, 1962) (Curme and Johnston, 1953) 0.9552 d 20 4 ) 0.9571 (Bel'skii et al,1963) d 25 4 ) 0.9556 (Polyakova and Belov, 1964) d 25 4 ) 0.9569 (Huber, 1951) …”

Experimental High-Temperature, High-Pressure Density Measurement and Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory Modeling of Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Isoamyl Acetate, and Benzyl Alcohol

“…The solvents were used without further purification. The density, thermal expansion coefficient, refractive index, and speed of sound of materials were measured at temperatures of 293.15–333.15 K and atmospheric pressure and compared to data available in the literature studies − ,− (Table S1). The experimental data show good agreement with the data reported in the literature studies.…”

Hydrogen Bonding Interactions of m-Chlorotoluene with 1-Alkanol Analyzed by Thermodynamic, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Density Functional Theory, and Natural Bond Orbital

“…Prior to making the experimental measurements, all of the liquids were double distilled and partially degassed with a vacuum pump in an inert atmosphere. The purity of all of the solvents was adjudged by comparing their measured densities, speed of sound, heat capacities, and thermal expansion coefficient to those of corresponding pure liquids available in the literature. ,,,− The comparative data are listed in Table .…”

“…m-chlorotoluene 1.06721 1.06729 [10] 1297.0 1298.0 [10] 171.73 [17] 0.8396 1.06723 [15] 1296.5[16] 1-propanol 0.79965 0.79960 [18] 1206.5 1205.93 [19] 144.47 [19] 1.0004 0.79966 [20] 1206.17 [22] 0.79962 [21] 1206 [20] 1-butanol 0.80595 0.80593 [19] 1238.9 1239.28 [19] 173.80[23] 0.9355 0.80591 [24] 1238.94[3] 0.80597 [25] 1239. 22[23] 1-pentanol 0.81082 0.81077 [26] 1276.2 1275.00 [27] 208.14 [27] 0.9151 0.81080 [28] 1276.23[3] 0.81084 [24] 1275.18[29] 1-hexanol 0.81531 0.81524 [30] 1303.2 1303.6 [31] 241.64 [8] 0.8757 0.81532 [32] 1303.2[34] 0.81530 [33] 1303.3 [35] 1-heptanol 0.81879 0.81877 [36] 1326.5 1326. 10[38] 273.24 [8] 0.8598 0.81875 [24] 1326.48[3] 0.81878 [37] 1327.01 [39] a Standard uncertainties s are s(ρ) = ±0.00004 g cm −3 , s(u) = ±0.5 m s −1 .…”