Abstract. We report a compact, 130-W single-stage master oscillator power amplifier with a high peak power of 51.3 kW and a narrow spectral linewidth of 0.1 nm. The seed source is a single-mode, passively mode-locked solid-state laser at 1064 nm with an average power of 2 W. At a repetition rate of 73.5 MHz, the pulse duration is 30 ps. After amplification, it stretches to 34.5 ps. The experiment enables the optical-to-optical conversion efficiency to reach 75%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a high-power, narrow spectral linewidth, high peak power picosecond-pulse fiber amplifier based on a continuous-wave, mode-locked solidstate seeding laser. No amplified spontaneous emission and stimulated Raman scattering were observed when the pump was increased. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.