Acquired Acid Resistance of Enamel and Dentin by CO₂Laser Irradiation with Sodium Fluoride Solution

Abstract

It can be concluded that CO2 laser irradiation with NaF solution has more caries-preventive effect than CO2 laser irradiation only at the enamel and dentin surfaces.

Effect of Titanium Tetrafluoride and Amine Fluoride Treatment Combined with Carbon Dioxide Laser Irradiation on Enamel and Dentin Erosion

“…While some studies reported a beneficial effect of a CO 2 12 or a Nd:YAG laser 26 on enamel erosion, dentin erosion could not be prevented by Nd:YAG laser irradiation. 27 In the present study, the output parameters for lasing enamel and dentin were chosen according to previous studies showing an increased acid resistance of enamel and dentin 10,13 or an increased enamel fluoride uptake 12,15 after CO 2 laser treatment. However, pulsed instead of continuous wave lasing was performed to confine possible modifications to a thin surface layer, without affecting the underlying hard tissue or pulp.…”

“…[5][6][7][8] Previous experiments showed that CO 2 laser irradiation induced a melting and recrystallinization process resulting in an increased acid resistance of dental hard tissues. [9][10][11] Moreover, laser irradiation might be also an approach to increase the efficacy of different fluoride solutions, such as amine 12 or sodium fluoride, 13,14 to reduce acid demineralisation. CO 2 laser irradiation increased the fluoride uptake in enamel 12,15 and facilitated the transformation from hydroxyapatite into fluorapatite.…”

“…CO 2 laser irradiation increased the fluoride uptake in enamel 12,15 and facilitated the transformation from hydroxyapatite into fluorapatite. 16 While laser-induced effects on fluorides commonly used in caries prevention, such as sodium and amine fluoride, were analysed previously, 13,15 no information about laser irradiation of surfaces treated with TiF 4 is available as yet. It is assumed that CO 2 laser irradiation might increase the efficacy TiF 4 to prevent enamel and dentin erosion, for example by melting and condensing the glaze-like surface layer observed after application of TiF 4 .…”

“…Only two studies analysed the effects on laser irradiation in combination with fluoride treatment on demineralisation as yet. 13,27 Hossain et al 13 showed that dentin surfaces pretreated with a neutral sodium fluoride solution changed to a melted, smooth and mirror-like appearance when CO 2 laser irradiation was applied. Thereby, the combination of CO 2 laser irradiation and sodium fluoride was more effective in reducing carious demineralisation than fluoride treatment or laser irradiation alone.…”

Structural Changes on Human Dental Enamel Treated with Er:YAG, CO2 Lasers and Remineralizing Solution: EDS Analysis

“…In laser therapy, several factors related to exposure need to be considered: the wavelength and energy density of the laser, the irradiation time, the focal distance, and water cooling www.intechopen.com Morioka, et al, 1991;Fried, et al, 1996;Featherstone, et al, 1998;Hossain, et al, 2000;Young, et al, 2000;Hsu, et al, 2000;Tisai, et al, 2002;Kato, et al, 2003;Matson, et al, 2002;Apel, et al, 2002Apel, et al, , 2004Apel, et al, , 2005Rodrigues, et al, 2004;Westerman, et al, 2002;Nammour, et al, 2005Cecchini, et al, 2005Liu, et al, 2006;Fried, et al 2006;Castelan, et al, 2007). Furthermore, to achieve additional prevention, special attention has focused on laser irradiation, topical fluorides and remineralizing solution associations, showing very promising results (Hossain, et al, 2002;Delbem, et al, 2003;Chin-Ying, et al, 2004;Tepper et al, 2004;Rodrigues, et al, 2004;Kwon, et al, 2005;Ana, et al, 2006;Westerman, 2006;Tagliaferro et al, 2007).…”