Acquired Brain Injuries Across the Perinatal Spectrum: Pathophysiology and Emerging Therapies

Russ, Jeffrey B.; Ostrem, Bridget E.L.

doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.08.001

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…a change in the functional network characteristics that needs rapid optimization of the connection strengths in the newly developed cortico-cortical networks. Moreover, this rationale would offer a mechanistic explanation for the finding that environmental enrichment may modulate the trajectories in synergy development: While the initial growth of neuronal connections is supported by the genetic code and endogenous neural activity [15,18,28], the following global organization including synergy in the neuronal networks is guided by neural activity that is sensitive to environmental and other acquired effects [16,34,35,44]. The frontal lead in the emergence of functional synergy maybe somewhat counterintuitive with respect to the general frontal delay in brain maturation [60][61][62][63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intertwined with the genetically programmed schedules of brain development [27,28], there is growing evidence that early activity-dependent brain development can be substantially affected by environmental factors [16,18,[29][30][31][32]. These "acquired effects" range from major medical adversities like preterm birth or perinatal asphyxia [33][34][35][36] to more subtle issues [31,[37][38][39]. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that various changes in an infants' living environment ("environmental enrichments") may support improved neurodevelopment at many levels of inspection from the cellular level [40] to brain networks [22,41,42], brain structure [43], and many aspects of later neurobehavioural outcomes [26,44].…”

Section: Environmental Enrichment Modulates Early Developmental Traje...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence of a synergistic scaffold in the brains of human infants

Varley,

Sporns,

Stevenson

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The human brain is a complex organ comprising billions of interconnected neurons which enables interaction with both physical and social environments. Neural dynamics of the whole brain go far beyond just the sum of its individual elements; a property known as “synergy”. Previously it has been shown that synergy is crucial for many complex brain functions and cognition, however, it remains unknown how and when the large number of discrete neurons evolve into the unified system able to support synergistic interactions. Here we analysed high-density electroencephalography data from late fetal to early postnatal period. We found that the human brain transitions from redundancy-dominated to synergy-dominated system around birth. Frontal regions lead the emergence of a synergistic scaffold comprised of overlapping subsystems, while the integration of sensory areas developed gradually, from occipital to central regions. Strikingly, early developmental trajectories of brain synergy were modulated by environmental enrichment associated with enhanced mother-infant interactions, and the level of synergy near term equivalent age was associated with later neurocognitive development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Enrichment Modulates Early Developmental Traje...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of a synergistic scaffold in the brains of human infants

Varley,

Sporns,

Stevenson

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Brain health equity and the influence of social determinants across the life cycle

Bach,

Peeler,

Caunca

et al. 2024

Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine

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Perinatal predictors of neurodevelopmental outcomes in high-risk neonates

Hajrić,

Hadžić,

Skokić

2024

Sanamed

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Background: Thanks to advancements in neonatal medicine, perinatal morbidity has been significantly reduced, but the number of high-risk neonates continues to rise. Efforts to predict neurodevelopmental outcomes at an early age remain limited. The aim of this study was to analyze perinatal predictors of neurodevelopmental outcomes in high-risk neonates. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal two-year study was conducted at the Pediatric Clinic of the University Clinical Center in Tuzla. The study included 151 neonates, with 99 in the test group (with known perinatal risk factors) and 52 in the control group (without risk factors). Early neurodevelopment was assessed using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). Standard statistical methods were applied for data processing. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Results: Of the 151 neonates observed, 108 (71.5%) had normal neurodevelopment at 18 months, 29 (19.2%) had mild disorders, and 14 (9.3%) had developmental delays. In the group with suboptimal neurodevelopment, significantly more twin pregnancies, health problems during pregnancy, unnatural births, artificial fertilization, and pregnancy complications were recorded. In neonates, there were significantly more premature births, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and intracranial hemorrhages. Significant correlations were found between the mother's age and parity and delayed neurodevelopment. Additionally, correlations were found between birth weight, gestational age, Apgar score, length of hospitalization, and NICU stay with neurodevelopmental delay. Gestational age and the Apgar score at 1 minute showed significant negative predictive value for neurodevelopmental delay. Conclusion: Prematurity and perinatal asphyxia remain the greatest risks for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates. These factors should be the focus of continued medical research and clinical practice. Neonates at the highest risk of developmental delay and their families should be prioritized for early identification, long-term follow-up, and timely interventions.

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Acquired Brain Injuries Across the Perinatal Spectrum: Pathophysiology and Emerging Therapies

Cited by 3 publications

References 171 publications

Emergence of a synergistic scaffold in the brains of human infants

Emergence of a synergistic scaffold in the brains of human infants

Brain health equity and the influence of social determinants across the life cycle

Perinatal predictors of neurodevelopmental outcomes in high-risk neonates

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