Acquired hemophilia A secondary to SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia

Abstract

The acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a life-threatening condition. The incidence of AHA is extremely low, which requires a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. This is case report of 73-year-old man who presented with AHA secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia. The patient had extensive skin bleeding and hematomas. In the coagulation screening tests activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was prolonged with normal prothrombin time (PT), which was indication for further investigation. The APTT in a mixing study with normal plasma did not correct so clotting factors inhibitors were suspected. With signs of bleeding, extremely low factor VIII (FVIII) activity (2%) and presence of FVIII inhibitors, AHA was diagnosed and treatment initiated. Patient was treated with factor eight inhibitor bypassing agent (FEIBA) for three days, followed by long-term corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide therapy. Malignant and autoimmune diseases as the most common causes of AHA were ruled out. The patient had a good response to therapy with gradual normalization of APTT and FVIII activity. To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the first reported case of de novo AHA after SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The diagnosis of AHA should be suspected in a patient with bleeding into the skin and mucous membranes without a previous personal and family history of bleeding, and with isolated prolonged APTT. It is important to investigate any isolated prolongation of APTT in cooperation with clinical laboratory experts.

Acquired Hemophilia A after SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report and an Updated Systematic Review

“…After selection by title and abstract, 18 records were eligible for inclusion, of which, 3 were review articles [ 7 , 8 , 9 ] and another 3 reported about AHA relapse during or after SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Finally, 12 studies (11 full-text articles and 1 conference abstract) were included in the systematic review ( Table 1 ) [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

“…After selection by title and abstract, 18 records were eligible for inclusion, of which, 3 were review articles [7][8][9] and another 3 reported about AHA relapse during or after SARS-CoV-2 infection [10][11][12]. Finally, 12 studies (11 full-text articles and 1 conference abstract) were included in the systematic review (Table 1) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. At the current emergency room (ER) presentation, the patient already had a negative test for SARS-CoV-2 virus infection.…”

Hematological Complications in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report

“…In the last few years, cases of AHA in COVID patients have been described, both after infection and vaccination [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. A few cases of AHA following the viral infection have been reported in literature [15,[26][27][28][29][30]. Our first hypothesis is that SARS-CoV-2 infection acted as the immunological trigger for the development of autoantibodies.…”