Acquired Lesions of the Fourth Cranial Nerve

Burger, Lewis J.; Kalvin, Nicholas H.; Smith, J. Lawton

doi:10.1093/brain/93.3.567

Cited by 79 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…This was not found in larger series of pathetick paralysis, like in Rucker's 17 67 cases, and in only one of Burger's 33 cases 7 when an aneurysm (not dolichoectasic artery) was found compressing the trochlear nerve.…”

Section: Fig 2 (A) T1w Axial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Following Gamentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Although rare, a possible site for vascular involvement of the fourth nerve would be mechanical compression as it courses towards the ventrolateral aspect of the pons, in the free border of tentorium cerebelli, by a dolichoectasic dilatation of a sclerotic vessel or a congenital aneurysm 7 . This was not found in larger series of pathetick paralysis, like in Rucker's 17 67 cases, and in only one of Burger's 33 cases 7 when an aneurysm (not dolichoectasic artery) was found compressing the trochlear nerve.…”

Section: Fig 2 (A) T1w Axial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Following Gamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like in other patients with the same problem, ours compensated for the torsional deviations of the eyes by tilting her head to the left, the horizontal deviations by turning her face to the right, and for vertical deviations by lowering her chin in order to facilitate fusion and to minimize double vision 7 .…”

Section: Fig 2 (A) T1w Axial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Following Gamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compression by a dolichoectasic basilar artery (DBA) has already been involved in ocular motor nerve paresis 6 . Although it is less common than the compromising of the oculomotor or abducens nerves, the trochlear nerve may be involved by mechanical compression caused by dolichoectasia 7 .…”

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Isolated pathetick nerve paresis by compression from a dolichoectatic basilar artery: case report

Maranhão-Filho

Souto

Nogueira

2007

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-The article describes a woman with 53 year-old that has presented diplopia when looking down and adopted a tilted head position in order to read for the last six months. The neuro-ophthalmic examination shows isolated right superior oblique muscle paresis. The magnetic resonance and the angioresonance show the dolicoectatic basilar artery compressing the right ventral lateral brainstem.KEY WORDS: trochlear nerve, dolichoectasy, basilar artery, ophtalmoplegy, compression. Paresia isolada do nervo patético por compressão da artéria basilar dolicoectásica: relato de casoRESUMO -O artigo descreve uma mulher de 53 anos que há seis meses apresenta diplopia ao olhar para baixo, além de adotar postura inclinada da cabeça para ler. O exame neuro-oftalmológico revelou paresia isolada do músculo oblíquo superior direito. Os exames de ressonância magnética e angioressonância evidenciaram dolicoectasia da artéria basilar, que comprimia a face ventral lateral direita do tronco cerebral.

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Section: Fig 2 (A) T1w Axial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Following Gamentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Fig 2 (A) T1w Axial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Following Gamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 2 (A) T1w Axial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Following Gamentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Isolated pathetick nerve paresis by compression from a dolichoectatic basilar artery: case report

Maranhão-Filho

Souto

Nogueira

2007

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…The TN is also susceptible to trauma because of its long course and delicate structure. The traumatic compression by the overlying tentorium cerebelli is the most frequent cause of acquired TN paralysis [14][15][16]. Hence, detailed knowledge of each anatomical segment and components of the ocular motor nerves is crucial for investigations, diagnosis and management of various conditions arising in these nerves.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Human Trochlear and Abducens Nerves at Different Ages - a Morphometric Study

Ramkumar¹,

Sharma²,

Jacob³

et al. 2015

Aging and disease

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The trochlear and abducens nerves (TN and AN) control the movement of the superior oblique and lateral rectus muscles of the eyeball, respectively. Despite their immense clinical and radiological importance no morphometric data was available from a wide spectrum of age groups for comparison with either pathological or other conditions involving these nerves. In the present study, morphometry of the TN and AN was performed on twenty post-mortem samples ranging from 12-90 years of age. The nerve samples were processed for resin embedding and toluidine blue stained thin (1µm) sections were used for estimating the total number of myelinated axons by fractionator and the cross sectional area of the nerve and the axons by point counting methods. We observed that the TN was covered by a welldefined epineurium and had ill-defined fascicles, whereas the AN had multiple fascicles with scanty epineurium. Both nerves contained myelinated and unmyelinated fibers of various sizes intermingled with each other. Out of the four age groups (12-20y, 21-40y, 41-60y and >61y) the younger groups revealed isolated bundles of small thinly myelinated axons. The total number of myelinated fibers in the TN and AN at various ages ranged from 1100-3000 and 1600-7000, respectively. There was no significant change in the cross-sectional area of the nerves or the axonal area of the myelinated nerves across the age groups. However, myelin thickness increased significantly in the AN with aging (one way ANOVA). The present study provides baseline morphometric data on the human TN and AN at various ages.

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Traumatic Fourth Nerve Palsy

Lavin¹

1984

Arch Neurol

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Acquired Lesions of the Fourth Cranial Nerve

Cited by 79 publications

References 0 publications

Isolated pathetick nerve paresis by compression from a dolichoectatic basilar artery: case report

Isolated pathetick nerve paresis by compression from a dolichoectatic basilar artery: case report

The Human Trochlear and Abducens Nerves at Different Ages - a Morphometric Study

Traumatic Fourth Nerve Palsy

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