Acquired pulmonary arteriovenous malformation associated with bronchiectasis: a case report

Abstract

Background Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are mostly caused by congenitally abnormal shunts between pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins. Case presentation A 74-year-old Japanese woman with a history of bronchiectasis was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea on exertion. Pulmonary angiography and reconstructed three-dimensional contrast-enhanced computed tomography images showed shunts between pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins, indicating a diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Coil embolization of the shunts was successful. Conclusions Our findings imply that bronchiectasis can cause pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, and thus patients who present with hypoxemia with bronchiectasis should be carefully evaluated.

Large pulmonary arteriovenous malformation lost to follow-up with 10 years of asymptomatic interval growth: A case report

“…PAVMs are congenital in more than 80% of patients, with most associated with HHT [ 1 , 11 ]. Rarely, they are acquired due to iatrogenic causes such as congenital heart defect repair, trauma, mitral stenosis, infections such as schistosomiasis, and hepatopulmonary syndrome, among others [ 9 , 11 , 12 ]. Right-to-left shunting results in reduced oxygenation, the severity of which is determined by the degree of shunting, and incomplete filtration of the pulmonary blood, which may result in paradoxical emboli [ 13 ].…”

Cystic fibrosis with multiple pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: A case report

“…Chronic inflammation associated with bronchiectasis and liver cirrhosis is also a known cause of secondary pulmonary AVMs [ 10 , 12 ]. In this case, the bronchiectasis was most prominent in the right superior lobe, whereas the AVMs were located in the left superior and both inferior lobes.…”

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation and inherent complications with solitary lung nodule biopsy—literature overview and case report

“…In rare cases, PAVM can be caused by hepatopulmonary syndrome or chest trauma [1] , [2] , [3] , 8 , 17] . Bronchiectasis has also been reported to cause PAVM, but this occurrence is very rare [6] . At the site of abnormal connections, a sac with an abnormal vascular structure is often generated, resulting in the development of a primarily left–right shunt.…”

“…When the PAVM sac is larger than 1-2 cm, the supplying artery is often easily discernible. In general, the incoming vessel diameter is usually half the PAVM sac diameter [1 , [5] , [6] , [7] .…”

“…However, the recanalization of an arteriovenous catheter following wire coil occlusion is also common. Complex PAVM often presents with more symptoms than simple PAVM due to large shunt currents, and treatment is more difficult in complex cases due to the involvement of multiple afferent arteries [4 , 6 , 9 , 11] . For PAVMs that recanalize after embolization or in cases of complicated PAVMs, elective lung resection is often performed, which can often be performed using endoscopic video-assisted pneumonectomy techniques, which are widely used and more convenient than conventional resection surgeries [9 , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] .…”