Acquired Resistance to Tuberculous Infection in Experimental Model

Kanai, Koomi

doi:10.7883/yoken1952.20.21

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…greater degree of antitubercular immunity than do killed bacilli. There is controversy, however, regarding the relative effectiveness of immunity induced by living nonmultiplying vaccines as contrasted with living and multiplying organisms (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of Attenuated Mycobacteria in Organs of Neonatal and Adult Mice

Costello

Izumi

Sakurami

1971

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The consequences of Calmette-Guérin bacillus (BCG) vaccination were followed in newborn and adult mice. BCG failed to multiply in the organs of adult mice when administered peritoneally. In contrast, extensive multiplication of the vaccine occurred in both splenic and pulmonary tissue after its peritoneal administration to newborn mice. This absence of tuberculostasis occurred during the period when the animal's spleen, lung, and thymus were rapidly growing. Animals achieved similar levels of resistance to virulent respiratory challenge 10 wk after vaccination irrespective of whether the vaccine had been administered when the mice were newly born and BCG had multiplied in vivo or administered when the animals were fully grown and the BCG had remained in the dormant state. Although neonatal infection with BCG was severe, as shown by the large numbers of organisms recovered from the animals' tissues, the animals suffered no mortality or overt signs of disease. Neonatal vaccination did not significantly affect either the animal's growth rate or the gross development of its organs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of Attenuated Mycobacteria in Organs of Neonatal and Adult Mice

Costello

Izumi

Sakurami

1971

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Cellular immunity, on the other hand, is largely nonspecific; i.e., macrophages with acquired resistance to tuberculosis are also better able to handle other infections to which the host may be exposed (3,45,51,79,80,97,(106)(107)(108)(109)114). There must be some degree of specificity to the antibacterial action of macrophages, but the responsible intraor extracellular factors have yet to be identified.…”

Section: Specificity Of Cellular Hypersensitivity and Cellular Immunimentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular hypersensitivity and cellular immunity in the pathogensis of tuberculosis: specificity, systemic and local nature, and associated macrophage enzymes.

Dannenberg¹

1968

Bacteriological Reviews

113

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This article makes no attempt to review the literature in a complete fashion, but relies on articles which do so. References to such articles are printed in italic type. In this review, cellular hypersensitivity, cellular allergy, and delayed hypersensitivity are used interchangeably; and macrophage activation is used synonymously with macrophage maturation and macrophage differentiation. Although macrophages frequently proliferate during the activating process, activation can occur without proliferation. These two terms are therefore used independently. with current knowledge. These assumptions are then used to explain the known facts concerning the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Finally, the relative importance of local and systemic aspects of cellular immunity is discussed. Nature and Effects of Cellular Hypersensitivity In tuberculosis, cellular hypersensitivity, the delayed type of allergy, may be defined as an immunological state in which lymphocytes and macrophages are directly or indirectly sensitive to tuberculin. As a result of this sensitivity, tuberculin in the appropriate low concentration will activate macrophages, i.e., cause the production of new lysosomes and other organelles as well 85

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“…This means the usefulness of the tuberculin test as a screening and diagnostic device is lost. As a result, in recent years, a great deal of effort has been expended by a number of investigators using a variety of procedures to separate the immunogenic and allergenic components of attenuated mycobacterial cells, with some claims of success (5,11,20,22). It is clear that the isolation from mycobacterial cells of a component which has just as great a capacity to immunize as the viable cells from which it is derived, but without capacity to induce tuberculin hypersensitivity, would, along with the findings of Raffel mentioned above (17,18), provide an answer to both the theoretical and practical questions we have just outlined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergenicity of Mycobacterial Ribosomal and Ribonucleic Acid Preparations in Mice and Guinea Pigs

Youmans

1969

J Bacteriol

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Guinea pigs were injected subcutaneously with mycobacterial ribosomal fraction incorporated in Freund's incomplete adjuvant and tested 6 and 12 weeks later by the intradermal injection of 0.5 ,ug (25 TU) of Purified Protein Derivative. No evidence of delayed-type hypersensitivity could be detected in these animals, although large necrotic reactions were obtained in guinea pigs sensitized with living, attenuated mycobacterial cells. Mice also were vaccinated by the intraperitoneal injection of mycobacterial ribosomal fraction or ribonucleic acid (RNA) and tested for sensitivity to tuberculin at various subsequent times. No evidence of true tuberculin hypersensitivity could be detected at any time, although what appeared to be small Arthus type reactions were seen in mice given the largest vaccinating doses. Attempts to recall tuberculin sensitivity in vaccinated mice by theintravenous injection, 4 weeks after vaccination of living cells, of either the virulent or attenuated mycobacterial strains were unsuccessful. Instead, when the virulent cells were injected, a suppression of footpad reactivity was noted in animals made sensitive to tuberculin by the previous intraperitoneal injection of viable attenuated mycobacterial cells. Both guinea pigs and mice, vaccinated as described above, were also skin tested or footpad tested, respectively, with 2,ug of the ribosomal fraction or RNA used for vaccination. No evidence of true tuberculin hypersensitivity could be obtained; instead, in guinea pig skin very small dermonecrotic areas were noted, and in mice swelling and redness of the footpad occurred to an equal extent in both vaccinated and nonvaccinated mice. The possible role of tuberculin hypersensitivity in acquired immunity to tuberculosis is discussed, and the conclusion is reached that its part, if any, is minor.

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Acquired Resistance to Tuberculous Infection in Experimental Model

Cited by 16 publications

References 131 publications

Behavior of Attenuated Mycobacteria in Organs of Neonatal and Adult Mice

Behavior of Attenuated Mycobacteria in Organs of Neonatal and Adult Mice

Cellular hypersensitivity and cellular immunity in the pathogensis of tuberculosis: specificity, systemic and local nature, and associated macrophage enzymes.

Allergenicity of Mycobacterial Ribosomal and Ribonucleic Acid Preparations in Mice and Guinea Pigs

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