Acquisition and Retention of Lead by Young Children

Manton, W. I.; Angle, Carol R.; Stanek, K.; Reese, Y.R.; Kuehnemann, T.J.

doi:10.1006/enrs.1999.4003

Cited by 148 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…31,32 Lead Toxicity and Breast-Feeding Although lead levels in the breast milk are similar to the mother's blood, lead exposure during breast feeding has a lower impact on the child than exposure during fetal development. During breast feeding, the child's risk of lead toxicity is small because of a lower intestinal lead absorption 33 compared to the amount of lead crossing the placenta. Moreover, lead can be frequently found in infant formulas, which lack the psychological and nutritional advantages of breast-feeding so that a recommendation against breast-feeding should not be made.…”

Section: The Role Of Calcium Supplementation During Pregnancy and Lacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Poisoning in an Adult: Lead Mobilization by Pregnancy?

Riess

Halm²

2007

J GEN INTERN MED

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We report a case of acute lead poisoning in an adult female who had last been exposed to lead 7 years ago. She presented with abdominal pain, knee pain, and neurological symptoms, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and anemia with basophilic stippling and lead gum lines. Compared to during her recent pregnancy, her lead level had almost tripled in 5 months to 81 mcg/dL. Chelation therapy was initiated and improved the patient's symptoms and lead level significantly. In the absence of any new lead exposure or other reasons for increased bone turnover, this acute lead increase was likely due to skeletal mobilization caused by increased resorption from mineralized tissue during and after her pregnancy. This case report illustrates the seriousness of long-term health effects associated with lead poisoning at a multi-organ level, even years after the initial exposure. Thus, patient care should not be limited to the acute treatment of increased lead levels, but also include prevention of increased mobilization and bone turnover and appropriate patient education. In this context, we review various aspects of lead toxicity, especially during pregnancy and lactation.

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Section: The Role Of Calcium Supplementation During Pregnancy and Lacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Poisoning in an Adult: Lead Mobilization by Pregnancy?

Riess

Halm²

2007

J GEN INTERN MED

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“…Manton et al (2000) showed that blood lead is dominated by lead derived from the hands, which in turn appears to derive from floors. Polissar et al (1990) found that hand-to-mouth activity was the primary source of arsenic exposure.…”

Section: Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been no evaluation of contaminants in house dust in Sydney. House dust is the primary exposure route for children (Manton et al 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead, arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and house dust in the communities surrounding the Sydney, Nova Scotia, tar ponds.

Lambert

Lane

2004

Environ Health Perspect

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This study evaluated lead, arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in the residential communities adjacent to the Sydney, Nova Scotia, tar ponds, the area considered Canada's worst contaminated site. The tar pond remediation policy has been limited to the site and some residential properties. We compared background concentrations in 91 soil samples taken 5-20 km from the coke oven site with those in soil samples from the three communities surrounding the tar ponds: Whitney Pier, Ashby, and North End. These surrounding communities were statistically different from background regarding arsenic, lead, and PAHs. Twenty percent of the background soil samples and 95% of the tar pond soil samples were above the Canadian health-risk-based soil guidelines for arsenic (12 ppm), and 5% of the background samples and 80% of the tar pond soil samples were above the Canadian guidelines for lead (140 ppm). Regarding dust lead and arsenic loading, the results provide no evidence that Whitney Pier is significantly different than Ashby and North End. Children in these communities are predicted to have a 1-15% chance of blood lead > 10 µg/dL. The results suggest that lead and arsenic found in the homes originate outside. The lead content of paint in the homes was not evaluated, but consideration of painted wood at the doorway did not confound the results of the study. The results indicate that the residential environment has been adversely affected by PAHs, lead, and arsenic and should be considered for remediation.

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“…For lead toxicity monitoring and the identification of endogenous and exogenous lead exposure, combining with environment media samples, matrixes including deciduous teeth (Gulson et al, , 2004, bone Gulson et al, 2003), urine (Gulson et al, 2000;Manton et al, 2000), and blood (Gulson et al, 2001(Gulson et al, , 2006 were studied. Considering the feasibility of sample collection and analysis in environmental health investigation, whole blood lead level is regarded as the most representative indicator of the current environmental and body lead contamination level (Barbosa et al, 2005;Batariova et al, 2006;Gil et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2009;Yan et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic ratio based source apportionment of children's blood lead around coking plant area

Cao

Duan

Zhao

et al. 2014

Environment International

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Lead exposure in the environment is a major hazard affecting human health, particularly for children. The blood lead levels in the local children living around the largest coking area in China were measured, and the source of blood lead and the main pathways of lead exposure were investigated based on lead isotopic ratios ( 207 Pb/ 206 Pb and 208 Pb/ 206 Pb) in blood and in a variety of media, including food, airborne particulate matter, soil, dust and drinking water. The children's blood lead level was 5.25 (1.59 to 34.36 as range) μg dL −1 , lower than the threshold in the current criteria of China defined by the US Centers for Disease Control (10 μg dL −1 ). The isotopic ratios in the blood were 2.111 ± 0.018 for 208 Pb/ 206 Pb and 0.864 ± 0.005 for 207 Pb/ 206 Pb, similar to those of vegetables, wheat, drinking water, airborne particulate matter, but different from those of vehicle emission and soil/dust, suggesting that the formers were the main pathway of lead exposure among the children. The exposure pathway analysis based on the isotopic ratios and the human health risk assessment showed that dietary intake of food and drinking water contributed 93.67% of total exposed lead. The study further indicated that the coal used in the coking plant is the dominant pollution source of lead in children's blood.

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Acquisition and Retention of Lead by Young Children

Cited by 148 publications

References 34 publications

Lead Poisoning in an Adult: Lead Mobilization by Pregnancy?

Lead Poisoning in an Adult: Lead Mobilization by Pregnancy?

Lead, arsenic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and house dust in the communities surrounding the Sydney, Nova Scotia, tar ponds.

Isotopic ratio based source apportionment of children's blood lead around coking plant area

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