Acrolein Exposure in Hookah Smokers and Non-Smokers Exposed to Hookah Tobacco Secondhand Smoke: Implications for Regulating Hookah Tobacco Products

Kassem, Noura O.; Liles, Sandy; Zarth, Adam T.; Jackson, Sheila R.; Daffa, Reem M.; Chatfield, Dale A.; Carmella, Steven G.; Hecht, Stephen S.; Hovell, Melbourne F.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntx133

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Biomarkers for acrylamide (AAMA and GAMA) and acrolein (CEMA) were similarly elevated in hookah users compared to never tobacco users. This is consistent with previous studies demonstrating increased exposure to acrolein from hookah smoke [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Biomarkers of Exposure among USA Adult Hookah Users: Results from Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2013–2014)

Travers

Rivard

Sharma

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Hookah smoking has become common in the USA, especially among young adults. This study measured biomarkers of exposure to known tobacco product toxicants in a population-based sample of exclusive, established hookah users. Urinary biomarker data from 1753 adults in Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study were used to compare geometric mean concentrations of biomarkers of exposure in exclusive, established past 30-day hookah users to never users of tobacco. Geometric mean ratios were calculated comparing hookah user groups with never users adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, past 30-day marijuana use, secondhand smoke exposure and creatinine. Past 30-day hookah users (n = 98) had 10.6 times the urinary cotinine level of never tobacco users. Compared to never tobacco users, past 30-day hookah users had 2.3 times the level of the carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), a metabolite of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), 1.3 times higher polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 3-hydroxyfluorene and 1-hydroxypyrene, 1.8 times higher levels of acrylonitrile, 1.3 times higher levels of acrylamide, and 1.2 times higher levels of acrolein exposure. These data indicate that hookah use is a significant source of exposure to nicotine, carcinogens, and respiratory toxicants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Biomarkers of Exposure among USA Adult Hookah Users: Results from Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2013–2014)

Travers

Rivard

Sharma

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…One is that oral intake of acrolein can be overestimated from urinary metabolite concentrations because both endogenous formation and inhalation exposure (in particular kitchen vapors, road traffic, passive smoking) could be relevant. Numerous studies have reported that tobacco smoke has high acrolein contents and smokers have a significantly higher acrolein exposure than nonsmokers (Alwis, deCastro, Morrow, & Blount, 2015;Carmella et al, 2007;DeJarnett et al, 2014;Kassem et al, 2018;Stevens & Maier, 2008). Furthermore, smoking of tobacco products is equivalent to or exceeds the total human exposure to Acr from all other sources (Gerberding, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of acrolein metabolites in human buccal cells, blood, and urine after consumption of commercial fried food

Wang¹,

Liu²,

Tsou³

et al. 2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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Scope Acrolein is a highly electrophilic α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde and is associated with human diseases. It is formed by Maillard reaction during food processing and could be detected in the emissions of overheated cooking oils. Consequently, humans are at risk of acrolein exposure through consumption of such prepared food. Methods and results We conducted three human studies that healthy subjects (21–30 years) were served fried foods including fried chicken and French fries from three commercial fast food restaurants. Acrolein‐related metabolites including urinary 3‐hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (3‐HPMA), serum acrolein‐protein conjugates (Acr‐FDP), and buccal acrolein‐induced DNA damages (Acr‐dG adducts) along with GSH levels in serum or buccal cells were investigated for different times after consumption. Conclusion Urinary 3‐HPMA levels were increased after 2‐hr consumption of fried food with an elimination half‐life of 10 hr. In addition, increased Acr‐dG adducts in oral cavity were inversely correlated to buccal glutathione (GSH) levels after consumption. However, there was no significant change in systemic GSH levels or Acr‐FDP adducts in serum. These results indicate that exposure of acrolein from consuming fried food affects local oral cavity homeostasis. This may provide a possible link between intake of fried food and increased risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers.

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“…3-hydroxypropylmercaptruic acid and benzene were found in the urine of second-hand smokers, and tobacco specific nitrosamine and acrolein were found in children who lived with shisha smokers (5)(6)(7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking habits in Syria and the influence of war on cigarette and shisha smoking.

Kakaje¹,

Alhalabi²,

Alyousbashi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Backgrounds: Shisha smoking has become an epidemic since the nineties and it adds an additional burden over cigarette smoking as it is more harmful, smoked socially and is widely accepted in many countries. We aim to discuss shisha and cigarette smoking prevalence in the Syrian community and university students with their associated risk factors and the relationship with many war factors.Methods: Online surveys were used that contained demographic and war-related questions along with cigarette and shisha smoking pattern questions.Results: The sample contained 987 responders with a mean age of 24.69, 25.7% being males, 16.4% smoking cigarettes, and 29.3% smoking shisha. Cigarette and shisha smoking was more common in males with P<0.0001 (OR, 4.762; 95% CI 3.333-6.757) and P=0.047 (OR, 1.364; 95% CI 1.003-1.855) for cigarettes and shisha respectively. Males also smoked daily, for longer years, more packs and more shisha every week than females P<0.05. However, females were more social smokers. While cigarette smoking was more prevalent in older ages, shisha was so in younger ages. Having a job, certain types of work and students at certain faculties were correlated with smoking more P<0.05. Losing someone due to the war and being distressed from war noises were also correlated with smoking. Field of education affected smoking patters as medical field students smoked fewer cigarettes and shisha while social studies students smoked more. Being a labourer, working as a clerk or in a restaurant, or as a technician was more frequently associated with smoking. However, no associations were found with SES, marital status and changing place of living due to war.Conclusions: Males tend to smoke more, heavier, more consistent, and for longer periods than females while women smoked shisha more socially. War increases smoking patterns while SES did not affect smoking in Syria. Shisha smoking increased and cigarette smoking decreased compared to previous studies and cigarette smoking remains lower than other regional countries, but shisha smoking is higher when compared to many other countries.

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Acrolein Exposure in Hookah Smokers and Non-Smokers Exposed to Hookah Tobacco Secondhand Smoke: Implications for Regulating Hookah Tobacco Products

Cited by 27 publications

References 54 publications

Biomarkers of Exposure among USA Adult Hookah Users: Results from Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2013–2014)

Biomarkers of Exposure among USA Adult Hookah Users: Results from Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2013–2014)

Identification of acrolein metabolites in human buccal cells, blood, and urine after consumption of commercial fried food

Smoking habits in Syria and the influence of war on cigarette and shisha smoking.

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