Acrolein Polymers

Abstract

Acrolein (propenal) is the simplest form of unsaturated aldehyde. Its synthesis from glycerol and some of its typical reactions have been known since 1843. It was observed at that time that the fluid acrolein spontaneously changed upon standing to a white, solid product, suspected to be a polymer. Acrolein became available on a technical scale in 1942, resulting in intensive research on the suitability of the compound in organic syntheses and polymerizations. Characterization and methods of polymerization are presented.

Lignocellulosic biomass: a sustainable platform for the production of bio-based chemicals and polymers

“…Schulz reviewed radical, anionic and cationic polymerizations of acrolein and more detailed information on acrolein as a monomer and its polymers can be found in this article. 283 Fig. 12 Industrially important 3-HPA derivable acrylic polymers.…”

Ionic oligomerization of acrolein in water

“…proteins). 13 Since the homopolymers of acrolein are generally composed of short, ill-dened polymer chains (vide infra), acrolein is mostly engaged in copolymerizations, either directly in water (with e.g. acrylic acid) or in emulsions (with e.g.…”

“…This is due to the fact that formyl pendant groups react easily via intra and intermolecular reaction forming cyclic structures like acetal, hemiacetals and hydrates. 13 Contrary to the radical method, the anionic polymerization of acrolein gives polymers soluble in organic solvents with low molecular weights and low melting points. Acrolein anionic polymerization under standard air-free conditions can be initiated by several metalorganic or basic compounds such as organolithium, lithium organocuprates, ammonia, tert-phosphines and aromatic amines.…”

“…[25][26][27][28] The polymerization reaction proceeds across the carbonyl function via (3,4) addition and across the aldehyde and vinyl functions by (1,4) addition (Scheme 1). 29 According to the reactions conditions (temperature and solvent), the microstructure of polymers obtained with these catalysts, i.e. the amount of aldehydes and vinyl groups, varies signicantly.…”

Selectively degradable alternating copolymers of isobutyl vinyl ether and plant-derived aldehydes with acyclic side chains: Effects of side group structures on copolymerization behaviors

“…2 This exclusive addition mode has never been seen in the cationic (co)polymerization of acrolein, the simplest conjugated aldehyde. [29][30][31][32] These facts suggest that steric bulkiness around the enal moiety affects its reaction mode in the cationic (co)polymerization of conjugated aldehydes. The incorporated NDE content was then calculated by analyzing the 1 H NMR spectra of the product copolymers (Fig.…”