Acroporid Serratiosis

Sutherland, Kathryn Patterson; Lipp, Erin K.; Porter, James W.

doi:10.1002/9781118828502.ch14

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The occurrence of multiple lesions and the high variability in lesion speed progression, partially explain why a significant correlation in colony size and time of death was not found. The emergence of lesions and their distribution within the remaining live tissue was apparentley random, suggesting that regardless of the healthy appearance of the remaining live tissue, the disease effect may be systemic over the whole colony, as is suspected for white-pox (Sutherland, Lipp & Porter, 2016) and suggested from our histological and microbial observations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Local dynamics of a white syndrome outbreak and changes in the microbial community associated with colonies of the scleractinian brain coral Pseudodiploria strigosa

Thomé

Rivera-Ortega

Rodríguez-Villalobos

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Reef corals in the Mexican Reef System have been severely affected by the emergence of a white syndrome that resembles both White Plague II and SCTLD descriptions. Meandroid scleractinian coral species are among the most severely affected. To gain insight into this affliction we conducted a broad study in the brain coral Pseudodiploria strigosa at a rear reef site in the NE Mexican Caribbean. We describe macro and microscopical signals of the disease, characterize the outbreak dynamics, the tissue histopathology, explore immunological responses in the individuals, and compare microbial assemblages associated with the surface mucus layer of healthy and unhealthy colonies. At the study site, the white syndrome outbreak on P. strigosa showed a high incidence rate in summer-fall and a low one in winter, as well as low survival expectation of diseased colonies at the end of the study. After 306 days of observation, out of 96 tracked colonies, eight remained apparently healthy and seven were diseased. No effective resistance to colony disease progression was observed once white syndrome signs developed. Tissue loss rate during the study varied among colonies (mean = 10.8 cm2, s.d. = 7.8 cm2) suggesting a complex relation between causal agents and colony resistance. The deterioration of tissues was evidenced from the basal to the surface body wall of polyps (up to 66% hypertrophy and liquefactive necrosis in unhealthy colonies), implying that microscopic alterations begin before macroscopic signals develop, suggesting this may be a systemic disease. We measured high levels of phenoloxidase (two orders of magnitude higher PO activity than P. strigosa affected by BBD) and antibacterial activity without significant reduction in unhealthy samples from the mucus layer, indicative of an enhanced immunological response. Results showed that opportunistic bacteria dominated damaged colonies, where six genera of the Bacteroidia class were found with significant changes in unhealthy colonies after DeSeq2 analysis. Nevertheless, histological observations did not support infection of the tissues. The opportunistic overload seems to be contained within the mucus layer but may be associated with the mortality of tissues in a yet unclear way. Future research should focus on experimental infections, the tracking of natural infections, and the immunocompetence of corals in the face of environmental pressures due to local, regional, and global impacts. If environmental deterioration is the primary cause of the continuing emergence and re-emergence of lethal coral diseases, as has been proposed by many authors, the only true option to effectively help preserve the coral reef biodiversity and services, is to restore the environmental quality of reef waters at the local scale and reduce greenhouse gases at the global scale.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Local dynamics of a white syndrome outbreak and changes in the microbial community associated with colonies of the scleractinian brain coral Pseudodiploria strigosa

Thomé

Rivera-Ortega

Rodríguez-Villalobos

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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“…, despite over 40 years of research in this field. The 'known' pathogens include Vibrio coralliilyticus, described as the most well characterised coral pathogen and associated with coral bleaching and white syndromes(Pollock et al, 2010;Ushijima et al, 2014) (see Box 3), Serratia marcescens (cause of white pox disease -WPX also known as Acropora Serratiosis -(Sutherland et al, 2015)), Pseudoalteromonas pirati (cause of Montipora white syndrome -WS(Beurmann et al, 2017)), Vibrio tubiashii (cause of Porites white patch syndrome -PWPS(Séré et al, 2015)), Vibrio shiloi (cause of bleaching in the coral Oculina patagonica(Kushmaro et al, 2001)) and Thalassotalea loyana (formally Thalassomonas loyana & cause of white plague disease -WPD)(Thompson et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corals as canaries in the coalmine: Towards the incorporation of marine ecosystems into the ‘One Health’ concept

Sweet

Burian

Bulling

2021

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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One World -One Health' is a developing concept which aims to explicitly incorporate linkages between the environment and human society in order to facilitate optimising aspects of health. Historically, work has concentrated on aspects of disease, in particular on emerging zoonoses, with a focus on terrestrial systems. Here we argue that the marine environment is a crucial component of the 'One World -One Health' framework, and that coral reefs are the epitome of its underlying philosophy, providing vast contributions to a wide range of ecosystem services with strong and direct links to human society. Further, the sensitivity of corals to climate change, and the current emergence of a wide range of diseases, make coral reefs ideal systems for studying in order to develop our understanding of the links, impacts, and feedback mechanisms that can affect human and ecosystem health. There are well established protocols for monitoring corals and global networks of researchers, but there are substantial challenges in studying these ecosystems. We explore these challenges and conclude with a look at how developing technology offers ways of addressing them in the future. A greater integration of coral reef research into the 'One World -One Health' framework will enrich our understanding of the complex links within and between ecosystems and human society, supporting the development of measures for improving the health of both humans and the environment.

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