“…Studies of the academic workforce reveal an aging workforce across many developed countries (Ackers & Gill, 2005 & Macdonald, 2003;Magner, 1999) and a desire by completed Ph.D.s and early career academics to leave the academy (Ackers & Gill, 2005;Bexley, Arkoudis, & James, 2013;Huisman, Weert, & Bartelse, 2002). There is also a casualization of the workforce occurring (Coates, Dobson, Goedegebuure, & Meek, 2010;McInnis, 2000). A large study of the U.S. higher education system, for example, revealed that 60% of today's 1,138,734 faculty members are in full-and part-time appointments outside the tenure system, while in 1975, this proportion was 42% (Gappa, Austin, & Trice, 2007;Schuster & Finkelstein, 2006).…”