Acrylamide

Habermann, C. E.

doi:10.1002/0471740039.vec0043

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In the EU, AA is produced as a 30-50 % aqueous solution via the catalytic hydration of acrylonitrile, and the production capacity has been estimated at between 150 000 to 200 000 tonnes per annum. 9 In the US the annual production capacity has been reported to be 137 000 tonnes (Habermann, 2004, as cited in Beland et al, 2013).…”

Section: Industrial Production and Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on acrylamide in food

Publication¹

2015

EFS2

341

170

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EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on acrylamide (AA) in food. AA has widespread uses as an industrial chemical. It is also formed when certain foods are prepared at temperatures above 120 °C and low moisture, especially in foods containing asparagine and reducing sugars. The CONTAM Panel evaluated 43 419 analytical results from food commodities. AA was found at the highest levels in solid coffee substitutes and coffee, and in potato fried products. Mean and 95th percentile dietary AA exposures across surveys and age groups were estimated at 0.4 to 1.9 µg/kg body weight (b.w.) per day and 0.6 to 3.4 µg/kg b.w. per day, respectively. The main contributor to total dietary exposure was generally the category 'Potato fried products (except potato crisps and snacks)'. Preferences in home-cooking can have a substantial impact on human dietary AA exposure. Upon oral intake, AA is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed to all organs. AA is extensively metabolised, mostly by conjugation with glutathione but also by epoxidation to glycidamide (GA). Formation of GA is considered to represent the route underlying the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of AA. Neurotoxicity, adverse effects on male reproduction, developmental toxicity and carcinogenicity were identified as possible critical endpoints for AA toxicity from experimental animal studies. The data from human studies were inadequate for dose-response assessment. The CONTAM Panel selected BMDL 10 values of 0.43 mg/kg b.w. per day for peripheral neuropathy in rats and of 0.17 mg/kg b.w. per day for neoplastic effects in mice. The Panel concluded that the current levels of dietary exposure to AA are not of concern with respect to non-neoplastic effects. However, although the epidemiological associations have not demonstrated AA to be a human carcinogen, the margins of exposure (MOEs) indicate a concern for neoplastic effects based on animal evidence. © European Food SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on acrylamide (AA) in food. The Panel developed the draft scientific opinion which underwent a public consultation from 1 July 2014 to 15 September 2014. The comments received and how they were taken into account when finalising the scientific opinion were published in an EFSA Technical Report (EFSA, 2015).AA is a low molecular weight, highly water soluble, organic compound. It is used inter alia as an industrial chemical and in the production of polyacrylamides. Heightened concerns about exposure to AA arose in 2002 when it was discovered that it forms when certain foods are prepared at temperatures usually above 120 °C and low moisture. It forms, at least in part, due to a Maillard reaction between certain amino acids, such as asparagine, and reducing sugars. However, several other pathways and precursors have also been proposed to contribute to AA formation. AA forms in numerous baked or fried carbohydrate-rich f...

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Section: Industrial Production and Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on acrylamide in food

Publication¹

2015

EFS2

341

170

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…O principal processo de obtenção industrial empregava a reação da acrilonitrila com ácido sulfúrico hidratado e posterior separação do produto a partir do seu sal de sulfato. Este processo resultou em quantidades satisfatórias de monômero, como também produzindo sulfatos não desejados e outros subprodutos (Habermann, 1991). A hidratação catalítica da acrilonitrila com cobre metálico foi introduzida em 1971.…”

Section: Acrilamidaunclassified

“…Esta é uma das primeiras utilizações de biocatalizadores na fabricação de produtos químicos na indústria petroquímica (Habermann, 1991) (IARC Monographs, 1994).…”

Section: Acrilamidaunclassified

Otimização da síntese de poliacrilamida catiônica em emulsão

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Acrylamide

Abstract: Physical Properties Chemical Properties Manufacture Health and Safety Considerations Economic Aspects

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Scientific Opinion on acrylamide in food

Scientific Opinion on acrylamide in food

Otimização da síntese de poliacrilamida catiônica em emulsão

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