Acrylic bone cements: Effects of the poly(methyl methacrylate) powder size and chitosan addition on their properties

Endoğan, Tuğba; Kızıltay, Aysel; Köse, Gamze Torun; Çomunoğlu, Nil; Beyzadeoğlu, Tahsin; Hasırcı, Nesrin

doi:10.1002/app.39662

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Therefore, the maximum temperature during bone cement formation decreased. Similar findings have been reported in previous works by other authors [ 12 , 27 ]. The excessive polymerization temperature of PMMA bone cement may result in thermal necrosis of surrounding tissue [ 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The “Magnesium Sacrifice” Strategy Enables PMMA Bone Cement Partial Biodegradability and Osseointegration Potential

Zhai

Han

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based bone cements are the most commonly used injectable orthopedic materials due to their excellent injectability and mechanical properties. However, their poor biocompatibility and excessive stiffness may cause complications such as aseptic implant loosening and stress shielding. In this study, we aimed to develop a new type of partially biodegradable composite bone cement by incorporating magnesium (Mg) microspheres, known as “Mg sacrifices” (MgSs), in the PMMA matrix. Being sensitive to the physiological environment, the MgSs in PMMA could gradually degrade to produce bioactive Mg ions and, meanwhile, result in an interconnected macroporous structure within the cement matrix. The mechanical properties, solidification, and biocompatibility, both in vitro and in vivo, of PMMA–Mg bone cement were characterized. Interestingly, the incorporation of Mg microspheres did not markedly affect the mechanical strength of bone cement. However, the maximum temperature upon setting of bone cement decreased. This partially biodegradable composite bone cement showed good biocompatibility in vitro. In the in vivo study, considerable bony ingrowth occurred in the pores upon MgS degradation. Together, the findings from this study indicate that such partially biodegradable PMMA–Mg composite may be ideal bone cement for minimally invasive orthopedic surgeries such as vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The “Magnesium Sacrifice” Strategy Enables PMMA Bone Cement Partial Biodegradability and Osseointegration Potential

Zhai

Han

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…PMMA-based BCs can be conveniently shaped and adapted to complex bone cavities or used in orthodontic applications to repair dental damages [ 133 , 134 ]. Compared to other comparable materials, the main advantages of utilizing PMMA-based BCs are the excellent primary attachment between the bone and the implant and the patients’ quicker healing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymethyl Methacrylate-Based Bone Cements Containing Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Oxide: An Overview of Physical, Mechanical, and Biological Properties

et al. 2020

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Every year, millions of people in the world get bone diseases and need orthopedic surgery as one of the most important treatments. Owing to their superior properties, such as acceptable biocompatibility and providing great primary bone fixation with the implant, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cements (BCs) are among the essential materials as fixation implants in different orthopedic and trauma surgeries. On the other hand, these BCs have some disadvantages, including Lack of bone formation and bioactivity, and low mechanical properties, which can lead to bone cement (BC) failure. Hence, plenty of studies have been concentrating on eliminating BC failures by using different kinds of ceramics and polymers for reinforcement and also by producing composite materials. This review article aims to evaluate mechanical properties, self-setting characteristics, biocompatibility, and bioactivity of the PMMA-based BCs composites containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), and carbon-based compounds. In the present study, we compared the effects of CNTs and GO as reinforcement agents in the PMMA-based BCs. Upcoming study on the PMMA-based BCs should concentrate on trialing combinations of these carbon-based reinforcing agents as this might improve beneficial characteristics.

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“…The rigid glucosamine structure and the semi-crystalline structure of CS caused an increase in the cement viscosity [ 13 , 15 ]. This increased viscosity means that during the polymerization reaction, voids that are formed as entrapped air unable to escape, and the porosity of CS-loaded cement increased [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CS-based materials are ideal bioactive materials due to their biocompatibility, wound-healing ability, non-toxicity, antibacterial properties, anti-fungal properties, hydrophilicity, biodegradability, and ability to stimulate adherence, proliferation, and viability of cells [ 7 , 9 , 10 ]. Several reports exist on the addition of CS to ABC, resulting in improvement of various properties of ABC, such as increased setting time ( t set ) [ 11 ], reduced maximum exotherm temperature ( T max ) [ 6 ], increased porosity, higher antibacterial action [ 12 ], and increased bioactivity [ 2 , 5 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. However, high CS loading generates considerable detriment to the mechanical properties of cements, restricting clinical uses to non-load-bearing applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acrylic Bone Cement Incorporated with Low Chitosan Loadings

2020

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Despite the potential of acrylic bone cement (ABC) loaded with chitosan (CS) for orthopedic applications, there are only a few in vitro studies of this composite with CS loading ≤ 15 wt.% evaluated in bioactivity tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) for duration > 30 days. The purpose of the present work was to address this shortcoming of the literature. In addition to bioactivity, a wide range of cement properties were determined for composites with CS loading ranging from 0 to 20 wt.%. These properties included maximum exotherm temperature (Tmax), setting time (tset), water contact angle, residual monomer content, flexural strength, bending modulus, glass transition temperature, and water uptake. For cement with CS loading ≥ 15 wt.%, there was an increase in bioactivity, increase in biocompatibility, decrease in Tmax, increase in tset, all of which are desirable trends, but increase in residual monomer content and decrease in each of the mechanical properties, with each of these trends, were undesirable. Thus, a composite with CS loading of 15 wt.% should be further characterized to explore its suitability for use in low-weight-bearing applications, such as bone void filler and balloon kyphoplasty.

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Acrylic bone cements: Effects of the poly(methyl methacrylate) powder size and chitosan addition on their properties

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

The “Magnesium Sacrifice” Strategy Enables PMMA Bone Cement Partial Biodegradability and Osseointegration Potential

The “Magnesium Sacrifice” Strategy Enables PMMA Bone Cement Partial Biodegradability and Osseointegration Potential

Polymethyl Methacrylate-Based Bone Cements Containing Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Oxide: An Overview of Physical, Mechanical, and Biological Properties

Acrylic Bone Cement Incorporated with Low Chitosan Loadings

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