ACTH-producing small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma from the gallbladder: a case report and literature review

Abstract

Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome (EAS) is a condition of hypercortisolism caused by non-pituitary tumors that secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). A rare occurrence of this syndrome is due to an ACTH-producing neuroendocrine tumor that originates from the gallbladder. One patient with severe hypokalemia and alkalosis was admitted to our hospital. Clinical presentations and radiographic findings confirmed the diagnosis of an aggressive ACTH-producing gallbladder malignancy with multiple liver metastases. The diagnosis was verified by pathological and immunohistochemical measurements from a biopsy of the hepatic metastasis. A literature review identified only four similar cases had been reported. Despite being rare and having a poor prognosis, hormone-producing neuroendocrine tumors that derive from the gallbladder should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ectopic ACTH syndrome.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder: A case report and literature review

“…Functional tumors, due to their ability to produce hormones like serotonin, CgA, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and gastrin, may exhibit hormone-related side effects, such as flushing, diarrhea, and coughing. [ 15 , 21 , 22 ] Most cases of gallbladder cancer do not exhibit typical clinical signs or symptoms in the early stages, and as such, they are often found at an advanced stage. Consequently, fewer than 20% of patients are eligible for a complete surgical resection.…”