Actinian dominated intertidal mudflats: A new case of an extraordinary rare phenomenon from Southern Chile

Schories, Dirk; Reise, Karsten; Sanamyan, Karen; Sanamyan, N. P.; Clasing, Elena; Reise, Anneken

doi:10.1016/j.seares.2011.01.002

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This adherence process is much more common in the rocky intertidal zone; therefore, the possibility of burrowing seems to be an adaptive response to the environment where the sediments are too fine to be attached to the body column. In adults, burrowing has not only been shown to minimize photo-oxidation during incubation, but also it seems to be a more successful strategy than sticking stones to the body wall, at least when comparing population densities reached in hard and soft-bottom habitats [ 29 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In southern Chile, the sea anemone Anthopleura hermaphroditica inhabits estuaries with high levels of ultraviolet B radiation (UVB, 280–315 nm) radiation during summer, which can exceed 50% of values recorded in areas of the Northern Hemisphere for the same latitude and season of the year [ 28 ]. This temperate anemone burrows in the sediment, spreading only its tentacles over the surface [ 29 ], allowing it to expose its symbiotic dinoflagellate ( Phylozoon anthopleurum ) [ 30 ] to environmental radiation. This species incubates its young inside the gastrovascular cavity (GVC) and releases them into the benthos once they reach the tentaculate juvenile stage [ 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Sediment Burial Parameters and Photo-Oxidative Response of the Intertidal Anemone Anthopleura hermaphroditica

et al. 2022

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Anthopleura hermaphroditica is an intertidal anemone that lives semi-buried in soft sediments of estuaries and releases its brooded embryos directly to the benthos, being exposed to potentially detrimental ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels. In this study, we investigated how experimental radiation (PAR: photosynthetically active radiation; UVA: ultraviolet A radiation; and UVB: ultraviolet B radiation) influences burrowing (time, depth and speed) in adults and juveniles when they were exposed to PAR (P, 400–700 nm), PAR + UVA (PA, 315–700 nm) and PAR + UVA + UVB (PAB, 280–700 nm) experimental treatments. The role of sediment as a physical shield was also assessed by exposing anemones to these radiation treatments with and without sediment, after which lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls and total antioxidant capacity were quantified. Our results indicate that PAB can induce a faster burial response compared to those anemones exposed only to P. PAB increased oxidative damage, especially in juveniles where oxidative damage levels were several times higher than in adults. Sediment offers protection to adults against P, PA and PAB, as significant differences in their total antioxidant capacity were observed compared to those anemones without sediment. Conversely, the presence or absence of sediment did not influence total antioxidant capacity in juveniles, which may reflect that those anemones have sufficient antioxidant defenses to minimize photooxidative damage due to their reduced tolerance to experimental radiation. Burrowing behavior is a key survival skill for juveniles after they have been released after brooding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Sediment Burial Parameters and Photo-Oxidative Response of the Intertidal Anemone Anthopleura hermaphroditica

et al. 2022

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“…The white burrowing sea anemones were more abundant in areas of fine, muddy sediments, but were also found in habitats that were a mixture of rock and sediment. Generally, in soft sediments there is a low volume of hard substrate materials for sea anemones to settle on and attach to, and they opportunistically utilize what little hard substrate materials may be present, such as mollusc shells (Schories et al 2011). The peach sea anemones were found more often in rocky habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No sea anemones were found in the habitats that were predominantly sand. Large sea anemones have been found in sandy habitats, but are closely associated with plant species, such as sea grass (Hattori & Kobayashi 2009), and the sea anemones depend on the rhizomes buried in the sediment to stay anchored (Schories et al 2011). Other studies on anthozoan species have also shown that physical features and microhabitat affect the type of species that dominate an area (Fautin 1988).…”

Section: Distribution Abundance and Relationships With Habitat And Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Antarctic sea anemone distribution, abundance and relationships with habitat composition, community structure and anthropogenic disturbance

et al. 2020

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Understanding the distribution, abundance and habitat preferences of species in the Southern Ocean provides a foundation for assessing the impacts of environmental change and anthropogenic disturbance on Antarctic ecosystems. In near-shore waters at Casey and Davis Stations, photoquadrat surveys were used to determine sea anemone distribution and abundance, habitat preferences, associations with other species and the impact of human disturbance on sea anemone distribution. Two distinct sea anemone morphotypes were found in this study: large sea anemones that require hard substrate for attachment and small, burrowing sea anemones found in muddy sediment. The large sea anemones were found in rocky habitats, with the exception of some sedimentary habitats where other biota were used as substrate. The large sea anemones were associated with a diverse community of epibenthic species found in rocky habitats. The burrowing sea anemones were associated with a less diverse assemblage of sediment-dwelling epibenthos. At Casey Station, sea anemones were more abundant in habitats adjacent to a former waste disposal site than at control sites. The reason for this is not yet known, but may be due to high organic matter inputs or, alternatively, a longer sea ice duration providing protection from ice scour.

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“…Anthopleura hermaphroditica is a small symbiont anemone which has a wide latitudinal distribution along the Chilean coast (23° S– 41° S), inhabiting bays and estuaries in densities of up to 10,000 individuals m -2 [ 23 , 24 ]. In southern Chile, a population of A .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific plasticity of the anemone Anthopleura hermaphroditica to intertidal and subtidal environmental conditions of the Quempillén estuary

et al. 2023

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The cellular capacity of marine organisms to address rapid fluctuations in environmental conditions is decisive, especially when their bathymetric distribution encompasses intertidal and subtidal zones of estuarine systems. To understand how the bathymetric distribution determines the oxidative damage and antioxidant response of the estuarine anemone Anthopleura hermaphroditica, individuals were collected from upper intertidal and shallow subtidal zones of Quempillén River estuary (Chile), and their response analysed in a fully orthogonal, multifactorial laboratory experiment. The organisms were exposed to the effects of temperature (10°C and 30°C), salinity (10 ppt and 30 ppt) and radiation (PAR, > 400–700 nm; PAR+UV-A, > 320–700 nm; PAR+UV-A+UV-B, > 280–700 nm), and their levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl and total antioxidant capacity were determined. The results indicated that the intertidal individuals of A. hermaphroditica presented higher levels of tolerance to the stressful ranges of temperature, salinity, and radiation than individuals from the subtidal zone, which was evident from their lower levels of oxidative damage to lipids and proteins. These results were consistent with increased levels of total antioxidant capacity observed in subtidal organisms. Thus intertidal individuals could have greater plasticity to environmental variations than subtidal individuals. Future studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying stress adaptation in individuals from this estuarine anemone subjected to different environmental stressors during their life cycles.

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Actinian dominated intertidal mudflats: A new case of an extraordinary rare phenomenon from Southern Chile

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Sediment Burial Parameters and Photo-Oxidative Response of the Intertidal Anemone Anthopleura hermaphroditica

Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Sediment Burial Parameters and Photo-Oxidative Response of the Intertidal Anemone Anthopleura hermaphroditica

Antarctic sea anemone distribution, abundance and relationships with habitat composition, community structure and anthropogenic disturbance

Specific plasticity of the anemone Anthopleura hermaphroditica to intertidal and subtidal environmental conditions of the Quempillén estuary

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