Fernandes LG. Analysis of the gene expression of heat shock proteins 60 and 70 and Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in different degrees of dysplasia in patients with actinic cheilitis and lip squamous cell carcinoma [thesis]. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia; 2019. Versão Corrigida.Actinic cheilitis (AC) is the most frequent oral malignant disorder and precedes most cases of lip squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in nonsmoking patients. It mainly affects males, fair skinned, older than 40 years, with a history of chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gene expression of the heat shock proteins (HSP) 60 and 70 and the Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in AC and lip SCC lesions through the real time RT-PCR, from samples collected during the surgical procedure of incisional biopsy. A case-control study was conducted with 40 patients with AC and 6 with lip SCC, and the biopsy material was submitted to laboratory procedures of histopathological analysis and extraction of RNA to study the expression of TLR and HSP through the real-time RT-PCR technique. Seven samples were excluded after the RNA extraction process and another 15 samples after real-time PCR amplification, modifying the sample to 18 of AC and 6 of lip SCC. The results were analyzed using the comparative CT method, the Shappiro-Wilk test and the T-Student test. There was higher expression of HSP60 and TLR4 in the AC in relation to the lip SCC, but there was no statistically significant difference (p> 0.05). HSP70 was more expressed in AC than in lip SCC with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.034) and TLR2 was more expressed in lip SCC than in AC, also with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.003). There was a significant correlation between increased HSP70 expression and smoking habits and chronic sun exposure in patients with AC. More extensive studies are needed, as there are no others published with these genes in AC and lip SCC lip until this date.