Actinobacteria Associated with Marine Invertebrates: Diversity and Biological Significance

Abstract

The ocean harbors a wide diversity of beneficial fauna offering an enormous resource for novel compounds, and it is classified as the largest remaining reservoir of natural molecules to be evaluated for biological activity. The metabolites obtained from marine invertebrate-associated actinobacteria have different characteristics compared to terrestrial actinobacteria as marine environments are exigent and competitive. Actinobacteria produce a wide range of secondary metabolites, such as enzymes, antibiotics, antioxidative, and cytotoxic compounds. These allelochemicals not only protect the host from other surrounding pelagic microorganisms but also ensure their association with the host. The harnessing of such metabolites from marine actinobacteria assures biotechnological, agricultural, and pharmaceutical applications.

The Effects of a High Concentration of Dissolved Oxygen on Actinobacteria from Lake Baikal

“…Nocardiopsis sp. PU3, isolated from the coral reef of Pullivasal Island, was found to be a potential source of antioxidants [ 66 ].…”

Saccharopolyspora sp. NFXS83 in Marine Biotechnological Applications: From Microalgae Growth Promotion to the Production of Secondary Metabolites

“…Finally, two lanthipeptide encoding BGCs (10,11) were found in the NFXS83 genome (Table 3), and these contained the genes involved in erythreapeptin and kyamicin biosynthesis, respectively. Both compounds are known products of Saccharopolyspora strains [73,74]; however, their modes of action remain elusive.…”

“…Amongst marine microorganisms, actinobacteria are of special interest due to their relevant impacts in marine ecosystems and increased ability to synthesize a wide variety of secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds of biotechnological interest, including antibiotics, antitumoral agents, pigments, and enzymes [2][3][4][5]. Marine actinobacteria are found in several marine environments, including surface waters [6], sediments [7,8], and even adhered to the surfaces of other marine organisms, such as macroalgae [9] and marine invertebrates [10]. These bacteria play a role in the cycling of nutrients in marine ecosystems and can interact with other marine organisms in a wide range of trophic interactions.…”