Action Mechanism ofGinkgo bilobaLeaf Extract Intervened by Exercise Therapy in Treatment of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia

Abstract

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), an imbalance between androgen/estrogen, overexpression of stromal, and epithelial growth factors associated with chronic inflammation, has become an atypical direct cause of mortality of aged male diseases. Ginkgo possesses anti-inflammatory, blood flow-enhancing, and free radical scavenging effects. Considering strenuous exercise can reduce BPH risks, we hypothesize Ginkgo + exercise (Ginkgo + Ex) could be beneficial to BPH. To verify this, rat BPH model was induced by s.c. 3.5 mg testosterone (T) and 0.1 mg estradiol (E2) per head per day successively for 8 weeks, using mineral oil as placebo. Cerenin® 8.33 μL/100 g was applied s.c. from the 10th to the 13th week, and simultaneously, Ex was applied (30 m/min, 3 times/week). In BPH, Ginkgo alone had no effect on T, 5α-reductase, and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), but suppressed androgen receptor (AR), aromatase, E2 and estrogen receptor (ER), and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA); Ex alone significantly reduced T, aromatase, E2, ER, AR, and PCNA, but highly raised DHT. While Ginkgo + Ex androgenically downregulated T, aromatase, E2, and ER, but upregulated DHT, AR, and PCNA, implying Ginkgo + Ex tended to worsen BPH. Conclusively, Ginkgo or Ex alone may be more beneficial than Ginkgo + Ex for treatment of BPH.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia complicated with T1DM can be alleviated by treadmill exercise—evidences revealed by the rat model

“…The results presented here are controversial; we demonstrated that the body weight severely decreased, suggesting pathological changes in the STZ-induced DM, testosterone-induced BPH, and innate human DM models. Previously, we demonstrated that EX was able to suppress the prostatic inflammation in BPH [ 7 ]. A similar result regarding the DM group was reported by Belotto et al [ 24 ].…”

“…The combined effect of DM + BPH + EX is still unclear. Previously, we proved EX to alleviate BPH [ 7 ]. In this work, we demonstrated that EX not only apparently alleviated the hyperplastic epithelial and stromal growth, inhibiting collagen deposition in BPH (Fig.…”

“…Recently, we demonstrated that EX alleviated BPH [ 7 ]. Biochemically, BPH is considered to be an imbalance between androgen and estrogen [ 36 ], an overexpression of stromal and epithelial growth factors, cytokines, and steroid hormones [ 37 , 38 ].…”

“…Previous document even substantially pointed out that diabetic vascular damage may cause hypoxia which in turn may contribute to pathogenesis of BPH [ 14 ]. Recently, we have showed EX beneficially alleviated BPH [ 7 ], however, the documented effect of EX on patients concomitantly affiliated with BPH plus Type 1 DM (BPH + T1DM) is still lacking. We hypothesized that EX could be beneficial to BHP + T1DM subjects.…”

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract in Autoimmune Prostatitis: Evaluation in Animal Model

“…Due to the undesirable secondary effects and the longer administration time of conventional drug treatments [32], several researchers have proposed other agents for the prostatic inflammation treatment, such as modulators of the immune system. For example, Ginkgo biloba leaf extract decreased the signs of inflammation associated with BPH in prostatic tissue [33]. Also, a clinical report on metastatic prostate cancer suggested a correlation between DLE treatment and patient survival or remission [12].…”