Action mechanisms and biocontrol of Purpureocillium lilacinum against green mould caused by Penicillium digitatum in orange fruit

Abstract

Aims: The present study evaluated, for the first time, the inhibitory effects of the filtrate of Purpureocillium lilacinum against Penicillium digitatum. Methods and Results: No direct contact between P. lilacinum and P. digitatum was observed during the dual culture test and the inhibition zone was 6Á1 mm. The filtrate of P. lilacinum completely inhibited P. digitatum growth and spore germination at the concentration of 64%. The filtrate increased the permeability of the cell membrane and the content of MDA in P. digitatum. The ergosterol content in P. digitatum was strongly inhibited at 32% by 81Á1%. The green mould incidence and severity in filtrate-treated fruit at 64% were 71Á7 and 80Á7% lower than in the control, respectively. The filtrate enhanced the activity of PAL, PPO and POD enzymes in orange fruit. The POD and PAL gene expression levels were significantly upregulated in the fruit treated with the filtrate. Conclusions: This study indicated that the antifungal mechanism of P. lilacinum filtrate against P. digitatum is mainly by the damage of the fungal cell membrane and its components. Significance and Impact of the Study: This work provides the pioneer evidence on the application of P. lilacinum filtrate as a novel biocontrol agent for orange green mould.

Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities

“…Chaetomium can improve crop root quality, and because it antagonizes pathogens, the genus can be used for biological control (Ma et al, 2021 ). Purpureocillium and Metacordyceps are important in insect and nematode control (Elsherbiny et al, 2021 ). Notably, copiotrophic fungi, such as Mortierella and Chaetomium , as an important link between plants and soil, can affect the material cycle and energy conversion process in the soil environment through fierce competition for carbon sources (Zhao et al, 2019 ).…”

Antifungal action and induction of resistance by Bacillus sp. strain YYC 155 against Colletotrichum fructicola for control of anthracnose disease in Camellia oleifera

“…Biological agents also have direct or indirect impacts on the cell membrane of fungi, affecting both membrane permeability and structure, resulting in increased leakage of critical cellular components, such as nucleic acids and proteins ( Elsherbiny et al, 2021 ). Relative conductivity, MDA content, as well as nucleic acid and soluble protein leakage are often used to determine the degree of cell membrane damage ( Dai et al, 2021 ; Elsherbiny et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Biological agents also have direct or indirect impacts on the cell membrane of fungi, affecting both membrane permeability and structure, resulting in increased leakage of critical cellular components, such as nucleic acids and proteins ( Elsherbiny et al, 2021 ). Relative conductivity, MDA content, as well as nucleic acid and soluble protein leakage are often used to determine the degree of cell membrane damage ( Dai et al, 2021 ; Elsherbiny et al, 2021 ). We demonstrated that exposure to B. tequilensis YYC 155 significantly increased relative conductivity and MDA levels in the anthracnose pathogen, C. fructicola , thus increasing membrane permeability, and providing evidence of membrane structural damage ( Figure 5 ).…”

“…Relative electrical conductivity was measured as described by Elsherbiny et al (2021) with slight modification. An agar-mycelial plug (6 mm diameter) taken from the edge of an actively growing culture of C. fructicola was placed in a 50 mL centrifuge tube containing 20 mL of Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) and incubated for 72 h at 25°C on a rotary shaker set at 160 rpm/min.…”

Glyphosate-Eating Fungi: Study on Fungal Saprotrophic Strains’ Ability to Tolerate and Utilise Glyphosate as a Nutritional Source and on the Ability of Purpureocillium lilacinum to Degrade It

“…The tolerance index was calculated utilising the growth rate control on CDA, which represents a growth baseline for the strains in a stress-free condition. [48][49][50][51], Purpureocillium lilacinum was selected for further screening. In order to evaluate the difference in toxicity between the pure molecule of glyphosate (GLY) and the commercial product (RU), the species was tested in a liquid Czapeck dox medium enrichment condition without phosphorus (CDB P−) at a concentration of 1 mM both GLY and RU.…”