Action Mechanisms of Antirheumatic Herbal Medicines

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory and debilitating joint disorder that causes severe impairment and reduces the quality of life. The available synthetic medicines used as standard therapy for RA have numerous side effects that can compromise their therapeutic outcomes. Thus, the demand for alternative and complementary medicines is increasing. A search of English articles in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases was carried out on probable mechanisms of action of herbs with the antirheumatic property. Herbal medicines stated in folk medicine face acceptance concerns by the medical community because of the lack of scientific documents regarding their physio-pharmacological mechanisms. This chapter aims to review the possible antirheumatic effects of various herbs, including Rosmarinus officinalis L., Curcuma longa, and Crocus sativus, their related mechanisms, and preclinical applications, in order to recall the therapeutic properties of herbal medicine. However, more clinical trials are required to confirm the safety and efficacy of these antirheumatic herbal medicines.

Therapeutic potential of hypnotic herbal medicines: A comprehensive review

“…The medicinal advantages of several types of rosemary extracts and their main chemical components, such as rosmarinic acid, carnosol, and carnosic acid have attracted increasing scientific interest in recent years. Numerous studies have shown that rosemary and its compounds have a wide range of therapeutic benefits, including anti‐inflammatory (Rahbardar et al, 2017), antinociceptive (Ghasemzadeh et al, 2016), antioxidant (Nakisa & Ghasemzadeh, 2022; Rahbardar et al, 2018), antiapoptotic (Ghasemzadeh et al, 2016), antidote (Alavi et al, 2021), antirheumatic (Nakisa & Rahbardar, 2022), antidepressant (Rahbardar & Hosseinzadeh, 2021), cardioprotective (Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar et al, 2024; Rahbardar et al, 2022), and neuroprotective effects (Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar et al, 2022; Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar & Hosseinzadeh, 2020).…”

“…Numerous studies have shown that rosemary and its compounds have a wide range of therapeutic benefits, including anti-inflammatory (Rahbardar et al, 2017), antinociceptive (Ghasemzadeh et al, 2016), antioxidant (Nakisa & Ghasemzadeh, 2022;Rahbardar et al, 2018), antiapoptotic (Ghasemzadeh et al, 2016), antidote (Alavi et al, 2021), antirheumatic (Nakisa & Rahbardar, 2022), antidepressant , cardioprotective Rahbardar et al, 2022), and neuroprotective effects (Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar et al, 2022;Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar & Hosseinzadeh, 2020).…”

Pain management by alternative therapies and herbal bioactive

“…The phenolic acids, phenolic diterpenes, and phenolic triterpenes are the components of Rosemary officinalis that are most potent. According to phytochemical analysis, Rosemary has alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oil [101][102][103][104]. Many illnesses, such as stomachaches, headaches, rheumatoid arthritis, and memory loss, have been managed and treated using Rosemary bioactive [105].…”

The ameliorative effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) extract and its major constituent, curcumin, and its analogs on ethanol toxicity

“…Turmeric is used in traditional medicine to treat liver and respiratory disorders, allergies, sinusitis, and anorexia (Razavi et al, 2021). At present, this herb is also known to have antirheumatic (Nakisa & Rahbardar, 2021), anti‐cancer (Gurer et al, 2022), antidotal (Ara et al, 2020; Hosseini & Hosseinzadeh, 2018), anti‐hypertriglyceridemia (Mollazadeh et al, 2019), hypoglycemic (El‐Hadary & Sitohy, 2021), anti‐depressive (Alavi et al, 2021), hepatoprotective, anti‐obesity (Vafaeipour et al, 2022), cardioprotective (Akhter & Nahar, 2022), and anti‐microbial (Soleimani et al, 2018) effects. Additionally, turmeric has been shown to have anti‐inflammatory (Liu et al, 2022), antioxidant (Adab et al, 2019), and anti‐apoptotic (Ibrahim et al, 2019) effects in numerous studies.…”