Action monitoring in major depressive disorder with psychomotor retardation

Electrical brain imaging reveals the expression and timing of altered error monitoring functions in major depression.

“…This decreased Pe component during error monitoring in MDD patients might be explained either by symptom severity, which is stronger in MDD patients (the present study ;Olvet, Klein, & Hajcak, 2010;Schrijvers, de Bruijn et al, 2008;Schrijvers et al, 2009) than in moderately depressed individuals (Chiu & Deldin, 2007;Compton et al, 2008;Holmes & Pizzagalli, 2008).…”

“…Error-monitoring in major depression 18 already reported similar or even diminished ERN/Ne amplitudes in severely depressed individuals who are characterized by apathy, anhedonia and psychomotor retardation (Schrijvers, de Bruijn, et al, 2008;Schrijvers et al, 2009;). …”

The effect of trial-to-trial feedback on the error-related negativity and its relationship with anxiety

“…Future studies might similarly assess this moderation in other psychiatric disorders. For example, studies that have assessed the ERN in other psychiatric disorders, such as depression and substance abuse, have utilized only speeded response tasks with trial-to-trial feedback (Chiu & Deldin, 2007;Compton et al, 2008;Franken, van Strien, Franzek, & van de Wetering, 2007;Holmes & Pizzagalli, 2008;Schrijvers et al, 2008;Schrijvers et al, 2009). Because behavioral studies indicate that individuals with these psychiatric disorders are especially sensitive to negative feedback (Beats, Sahakian, & Levy, 1996;Elliott, Sahakian, Herrod, Robbins, & Paykel, 1997;Elliott, Sahakian, Michael, Paykel, & Dolan, 1998;Garavan & Stout, 2005;Steffens, Wagner, Levy, Horn, & Krishnan, 2001), increased error-related brain activity in depression might be evident only in tasks that present trial-to-trial performance feedback.…”

“…ple speeded response tasks have been utilized have also included trial-to-trial feedback (i.e., Holmes & Pizzagalli, 2008;Schrijvers et al, 2008;Schrijvers et al, 2009); however, in these studies, the feedback often conveys redundant information, because the participants are aware of their mistakes. Yet it is not known how the mere presence of performance feedback may impact the internal detection of errors.…”

Valence and agency influence striatal response to feedback in patients with major depressive disorder

“…Several electrophysiological studies have reported either no changes or even reduced error-related negativity in patients with MDD. [12][13][14] Neuroimaging data suggest that MDD is associated with a blunted response to both negative and positive feedback. Using a gambling task, weaker responses to losses in the anterior cingulate cortex and to gains in the ventral striatum have been reported in depressed patients relative to healthy controls.…”