Action of electric fields on the plastic deformation of pure and doped ice single crystals

Petrenko, Victor F.; Schulson, E. M.

doi:10.1080/01418619308207150

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This bond reorientation occurs by the movement of ions (H 3 O + and OH -) and Bjerrum defects (D type and L type); see Figure 1. That the dislocation mobility is related to protonic rearrangement was also suggested by Petrenko and Schulson 5 who used an electrical technique to extract point defects, which appeared to cause the ice to become harder. However, this "hardening" was later reinterpreted to arise from suppression of sliding at the specimen/platen interface.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Examination of Dislocations in Ice

Baker

2002

Crystal Growth & Design

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Three techniques have been used to study dislocations in ice: etch pitting-replication, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray topography (XT). Each is considered, and it is shown that the most useful is XT. This is because ice has low absorption of X-rays and can be produced with a low dislocation density, thus, allowing relatively thick specimens to be studied. The many useful observations that have been made with conventional XT are presented. However, the introduction of high-intensity synchrotron radiation showed that conventional XT observations are of dislocations that have undergone recovery. Thus, the important dynamic observations and measurements that have been made using synchrotron XT are also outlined. In single crystals, it has been shown that slip mainly occurs by the movement of screw and 60° a/3〈112̄0〉 dislocations on the basal plane. In addition, the operation of Frank-Read sources has been clearly demonstrated, and dislocation velocities have been measured. In contrast, in polycrystals, dislocation generation has been observed to occur at stress concentrations at grain boundaries, and this completely overwhelms any lattice dislocation generation mechanisms. The nature of faulted dislocation loops has been determined in both polycrystals and single crystals.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Examination of Dislocations in Ice

Baker

2002

Crystal Growth & Design

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“…The effect of electrical fields on plastic deformation of thin ice monocrystals (Petrenko and Schulson 1993) was used to explain the action of an external electrical field on the dynamic friction of metal sliders against ice. It appears that an application of relatively small dc electrical biases, on the order of 50 V, to an ice/metal interface reduces by nearly an order of magnitude the plasticity of a layer of ice of 50-100 µm thickness adjacent to the metal.…”

Section: Effect Of Electrical Fields On Ice Frictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such an effect of electrical fields on plastic deformation in ice has not been observed so far. However, the application of even smaller static electrical fields of 10 3 V/cm can significantly suppress plastic creep of thin ice specimens having a thickness of 1 mm or less (Petrenko and Schulson 1993).…”

Section: Effect Of Static Electrical Field On Ice Creepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since they used a dc electrical field and blocking electrode, the real E in the ice bulk in their experiment could be lower than they ex-∆˙/ ε ε 0 100 200 300 400 V Figure 36. Dependence of the relative change in strain rate ε on the applied dc voltage V (after Petrenko and Schulson 1993). ε is the strain rate at V = 0.…”

Section: Motion Of Charged Dislocations In An Electrical Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electromechanical Phenomena in Ice.

Petrenko¹

1996

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This report examines the electromechanical effects in ice. This group of physical phenomena, which was found and studied relatively recently, broadens basic knowledge of ice and may have some practical applications. The electromechanical phenomena in this monograph are separated into three groups: 1) Effects in which electromagnetic fields are generated by means of mechanical actions such as elastic stress, plastic strain, fracture or friction; 2) Effects in which an application of electric fields modifies such mechanical properties of ice as its plasticity, elasticity and friction; 3) Effects in which plastic strain changes electrical conductivity or dielectric permittivity of ice. Experimental results and theoretical models are discussed and some possible practical applications suggested.

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“…For instance, it is known that doped crystals are much less perfect [18]. Petrenko and Schulson [19] found an alternative way of changing the concentrations of charge carriers in ice without changes in the dislocations' density or introduction of foreign atoms: By applying electric fields to thin specimens undergoing deformation in shear, they have shown that a reduction in the high-frequency conductivity leads to a corresponding reduction in the creep rate. Their result supports the idea that plastic deformation is related to the proton disorder and the rate of reorientation of hydrogen bonds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoplastic effect on ice

Khusnatdinov

Petrenko

1994

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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This paper examines the effect of ultraviolet illumination on the plastic deformation of ice single crystals. The study of ice plasticity is essential for both fundamental and applied reasons. For instance, plastic deformation of ice is a major factor in the How of the giant ice caps in Antarctica and Greenland and of mountain glaciers. Snow densification, sintering, and ice friction are also phenomena in which plastic deformation has a role. Since ice has a very unusual atomic structure, in which oxygen atoms are ordered but protons are disordered, the motion of dislocations through ice cannot occur in the same way as in ordinary crystals. This is the intriguing subject of the research here. PACS numbers: 61.72.Hh, 82.50.Fv lce plasticity has been studied intensively during the last few decades [1]. Both macroscopic deformation and the mobilities of various individual dislocations have been investigated in detail. Nevertheless, so far there is no satisfactory physical model capable of explaining such important experimental results as the strong anisotropy of the ice plasticity [2], the softening of ice by doping with small concentrations of acids [3-5], strong evidence for a Peierls barrier to the motion of dislocations in the basal (0001) plane, and the absence of such a barrier to the motion of dislocations in nonbasal planes [6].Four models have been suggested to describe ice plasticity and the motion of individual dislocations in ice:

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Action of electric fields on the plastic deformation of pure and doped ice single crystals

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Examination of Dislocations in Ice

Examination of Dislocations in Ice

Electromechanical Phenomena in Ice.

Photoplastic effect on ice

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