Action of essential oils from Brazilian native and exotic medicinal species on oral biofilms

Abstract

BackgroundEssential oils (EO) obtained from twenty medicinal and aromatic plants were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the oral pathogens Candida albicans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitis.MethodsThe antimicrobial activity of the EO was evaluates by microdilution method determining Minimal Inhibitory Concentration. Chemical analysis of the oils compounds was performed by Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (CG-MS). The most active EO were also investigated as to their actions on the biolfilm formation.ResultsThe most of the essential oils (EO) presented moderate to strong antimicrobial activity against the oral pathogens (MIC - Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations values between 0.007 and 1.00 mg/mL). The essential oil from Coriandrum sativum inhibited all oral species with MIC values from 0.007 to 0.250 mg/mL, and MBC/MFC (Minimal Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentrations) from 0.015 to 0.500 mg/mL. On the other hand the essential oil of C. articulatus inhibited 63.96% of S. sanguis biofilm formation. Through Scanning Eletronic Microscopy (SEM) images no changes were observed in cell morphology, despite a decrease in biofilm formation and changes on biofilm structure. Chemical analysis by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) of the C. sativum essential oil revealed major compounds derivatives from alcohols and aldehydes, while Cyperus articulatus and Aloysia gratissima (EOs) presented mono and sesquiterpenes.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the crude oil from C. articulatus exhibited the best results of antimicrobial activity e ability to control biofilm formation. The chemical analysis showed the presence of terpenes and monoterpenes such as a-pinene, a-bulnesene and copaene. The reduction of biofilms formation was confirmed from SEM images. The results of this research shows a great potential from the plants studied as new antimicrobial sources.

Candida Biofilms: Development, Architecture, and Resistance

“…These include chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, zosteric acid, filastatin, EDTA/ethanol catheter lock solutions, gentian violet, and essential oils ( 62 , 79 , 132 – 142 ). In addition, physical interventions such as low-level laser ( 143 ), photodynamic therapy ( 144 – 147 ), and antimicrobial coating of catheters ( 148 – 151 ) have also been proposed as possible therapeutic alternatives.…”

Essential oils biological activity of the Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) shrub

“…Nematicidal activity of chemotypes I and III was reported on Meloidogyne incognita at concentrations from 0.1-2.5 ml/L, which had mean mortality percentages from 22 to 100 %, in dependent dosage; and diminished eclosion rate from 47 to 9 % (Moreira, Santos, & Innecco, 2009). Antimicrobial and antifungal activity has been reported on periodontal-pathogenic microorganisms (Juiz et al, 2015;Bersan et al, 2014), cariogenic organisms (Bersan et al, 2014), enterobacteria (Pino, Ortega, Rosado, Rodríguez, & Baluja, 1996;Machado, Nogueira, Pereira, Sousa, & Batista, 2014), dermatophytes (Costa et al, 2014;Tangarife-Castaño et al, 2012), phytopathogens (Mena-Rodríguez, Ortega-Cuadros, Merini, Melo- Ríos, & Tofiño-Rivera, 2018;Anaruma et al, 2010), sulfate reductase (Souza et al, 2017a), important pathogens in aquiculture (Souza et al, 2017b;Majolo, Rocha, Chagas, Chaves, & Bizzo, 2017;Sutili et al, 2015), Candida albicans (Mesa-Arango et al, 2010;Santos et al, 2016a;Mesa-Arango et al, 2009), aspergillosis (Mesa-Arango et al, 2010;Glamočlija, Soković, Tešević, Linde, & Colauto, 2011;Mesa-Arango, et al, 2009), Cryptococcosis (Santos et al, 2016a); gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and nosocomial infections (Pino et al, 1996;Machado et al, 2014;Porfírio et al, 2017); under the MIC interval between 4.0-9 370 µg/ml and MBC 6.5-2 500 µg/ml for bacteria (Table 2), and MIC 31.25-2 000 and MBC/ MFC 500-1 250 µg/ml for fungus (Table 3). 2008), and is approved for over-the-counter sale as antiseptic for external use and adjuvant in the treatment of anxiety of nervous origin in humans (INVIMA, 2018).…”

“…In biomedical sciences, research has provided effective tools to solve problems related with amoebic infections (Santos et al, 2016b), herpetic infections (Agudelo-Gómez et al, 2010), tropical diseases e.g. like dengue (Ocazionez et al, 2010), leishmaniasis (Escobar et al, 2010;Neira et al, 2018), trypanosomiasis (Escobar et al, 2010;Baldissera et al 2017;Moreno et al, 2018), and yellow fever (Meneses et al, 2009), control of vectors, like Aedes aegypti (Vera et al, 2014;Castillo et al, 2017;Ríos et al, 2017;Aldana & Cruz, 2017), mycosis (Mesa-Arango et al, 2010;Santos et al, 2016a;Glamočlija et al, 2011), in-hospital diseases (Santos et al, 2016a;Pino et al, 1996;Machado et al, 2014), and diseases related with the oral cavity (Juiz et al, 2015;Bersan et al, 2014).…”

Effect of <i>Myracrodruon urundeuva</i> and <i>Qualea grandiflora</i> extracts on viability and activity of microcosm biofilm and prevention of enamel demineralization <i>in vitro</i>

“…Brazil is one of countries with the greatest biodiversity [7], which in turn has stimulated the use of different type of plants for prevention and treatment of diverse diseases. The most common benefits of the plants in health is their antimicrobial effect, which may be potentially able to control oral diseases as dental caries and periodontitis [26][27][28].…”

“…In dentistry, the phytotherapy is a study object of growing interest 4,22,27 . Civilizations throughout history have used plants or parts of plants, such as fresh or dried roots, stems, leaves and/or bark, to treat toothache, gingivitis, dental abscesses and mouth sores 28 .…”