Action of intracerebroventricular epinephrine on gross behavior, locomotor activity and hexobarbital sleeping times in rats

Grunden, Lee R.

doi:10.1016/0028-3908(69)90074-4

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Central nervous system effects When adrenaline has been administered intracerebroventricularly, so that the blood-brain barrier is avoided in a number of mammals including man, sedation ranging from sleep to surgical anaesthesia has been described [62][63][64][65]. This effect may be mediated by postsynaptic alpha-2a subtype adrenoceptors located in the locus coeruleus, causing a decrease in noradrenergic activity [66].…”

Section: Pharmacodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha‐2 and imidazoline receptor agonistsTheir pharmacology and therapeutic role

Khan¹,

Ferguson²,

Jones³

1999

Anaesthesia

606

423

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SummaryClonidine has proved to be a clinically useful adjunct in clinical anaesthetic practice as well as in chronic pain therapy because it has both anaesthetic and analgesic-sparing activity. The more selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists, dexmedetomidine and mivazerol, may also have a role in providing haemodynamic stability in patients who are at risk of peri-operative ischaemia. The side-effects of hypotension and bradycardia have limited the routine use of alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists. Investigations into the molecular pharmacology of alpha-2 adrenoceptors have elucidated their role in the control of wakefulness, blood pressure and antinociception. We discuss the pharmacology of alpha-2 adrenoceptors and their therapeutic role in this review.

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Section: Pharmacodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha‐2 and imidazoline receptor agonistsTheir pharmacology and therapeutic role

Khan¹,

Ferguson²,

Jones³

1999

Anaesthesia

606

423

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“…These include, decreased locomotor activity (Fischer & Amalfara, 1962;Grunden & Katzung, 1964;Grossman, 1968;Grunden, 1969); sedation (Breggin, 1965;Findlay & Robertshaw, 1967), stupor or partial anaesthesia (Palmer, 1959;Breggin, 1965), catalepsy (Traczyk, 1964), analgesia (Ivy, Goetzl, Harris & Burrill, 1944) and anaesthesia (Leimdorfer & Metzner, 1949;Feldberg & Sherwood, 1954;Reitter, 1957). Catecholamines given intravenously or by cerebral micro-infusion in young chicks or by intraventricular injection in adults produced effects indistinguishable from normal sleep (Key & Marley, 1962;Dewhurst & Marley, 1965a & b ;Marley & Stephenson, 1968aGrunden & Marley, 1970).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of catecholamines infused into the brain of young chickens

Marley

Stephenson

1970

British J Pharmacology

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Summary1. (-)-Noradrenaline, (-)-a-methylnoradrenaline and (-)-isoprenaline were infused into various brain regions of 12-21 day chicks. When infused into the hypothalamic area, but not the cerebral hemisphere or posterior mesencephalon, these amines produced behavioural sleep, lowered temperature and blood pressure and reduced oxygen consumption; electrocortical sleep activity usually ensued but this was not marked and frequently dissociation between electrocortical activity and behaviour occurred. After monoamine oxidase inhibition, which prolonged the action of noradrenaline, dopamine had similar effects.2. The effects of the catecholamines were prevented or substantially reduced by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine given intravenously or into the hypothalamus but not by intravenous injection of propranolol. However, intrahypothalamic infusion of propranolol prevented the temperature, but not the behavioural effects of noradrenaline. The implications of this are discussed. 3. That the effects were similar but more intense, apart from electrocortical changes, and of longer duration than those seen after intravenous injection of catecholamines suggests that in young chicks these amines penetrate from the blood into the brain and elicit their effects through a localized region, presumably the hypothalamus.

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“…Catecholamines with similar effects include noradrenaline (FELDBERG and SHERWOOD, 1954;BRITTAIN and HANDLEY, 1967;GRUNDEN and MARLEY, 1970;PALMER, 1959), a-methylnoradrenaline (KADZIEL-AWA, 1967GRUNDEN and MARLEY, 1970), isoprenaline (GRUNDEN, 1969;GRUNDEN and MARLEY, 1970), phenylephrine (GRUNDEN, 1969) and dopamine (SCHAIN, 1961;W ADA et aI., 1963;GRUNDEN and MARLEY, 1970).…”

Section: B) Intraventricular Injectionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Central depressant effects have been elicited by intraventricular injection of adrenaline in mice (HALEY and MCCORMICK, 1957;BRITTAIN and HANDLEY, 1967;CHAMBERS and ROBERTS, 1968;JONES and ROBERTS, 1968), rats (GRUNDEN, 1969), fowls (GRUNDEN and MARLEY, 1970), dogs (REITTER, 1957;GRUNDEN andKAT-ZUNG, 1964), sheep (PALMER, 1959), monkeys (WADA, 1962) and man (LEIM-DORFER et aI., 1947;SHERWOOD, 1955). Catecholamines with similar effects include noradrenaline (FELDBERG and SHERWOOD, 1954;BRITTAIN and HANDLEY, 1967;GRUNDEN and MARLEY, 1970;PALMER, 1959), a-methylnoradrenaline (KADZIEL-AWA, 1967GRUNDEN and MARLEY, 1970), isoprenaline (GRUNDEN, 1969;GRUNDEN and MARLEY, 1970), phenylephrine (GRUNDEN, 1969) and dopamine (SCHAIN, 1961;W ADA et aI., 1963;GRUNDEN and MARLEY, 1970).…”

Section: B) Intraventricular Injectionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For example, the term central depressant has been construed to apply to decreased locomotor activity (FISCHER and AMALFARA, 1962;GRUNDEN and KATZUNG, 1964;GROSS-MAN, 1968;GRUNDEN, 1969), sedation (BREGGIN, 1965;FINDLAY and ROBERT-SHAW, 1967), stupor or partial anaesthesia (PALMER, 1959;BREGGIN, 1965), catalepsy (TRACZYK, 1964), analgesia (Ivy et aI., 1944), anaesthesia (LEIMDORFER and METZNER, 1949;FELDBERG and SHERWOOD, 1954;REITTER, 1957) and sleep (KEY and MARLEY, 1962;DEWHURST and MARLEY, 1965a, b;GRUNDEN and MARLEY, 1970;STEPHENSON, 1968a, 1969). We are indebted to Dr. L. R. GRUNDEN for the following comparison of the effects of'catecholamines given intraventricularly in a number of species (GRUNDEN, 1967(GRUNDEN, , 1969GRUNDEN and KATZUNG, 1964;GRUNDEN and MARLEY, 1970). "The principal effect of intraventricular catecholamines in rats was a dose-dependent decrease in locomotor activity with less obvious "tranquillizing" or "soporific" phenomena.…”

Section: B) Intraventricular Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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