Action of Salicylic Acid on Plant Growth

Li, Aixia; Sun, Xue; Liu, Lijing

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.878076

Cited by 54 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…SA has been associated with developmental processes and can influence the tradeoff between plant growth and defense [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. For instance, the hyper-accumulation of the hormone, coupled with increased defense, generates dwarf phenotypes [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TGA Transcription Factors from Clade II Negatively Regulate the Salicylic Acid Accumulation in Arabidopsis

Fonseca

Urzúa

Jeleńska

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone that modulates plant defenses by inducing changes in gene expression. The mechanisms that control SA accumulation are essential for understanding the defensive process. TGA transcription factors from clade II in Arabidopsis, which include the proteins TGA2, TGA5, and TGA6, are known to be key positive mediators for the transcription of genes such as PR-1 that are induced by SA application. However, unexpectedly, stress conditions that induce SA accumulation, such as infection with the avirulent pathogen P. syringae DC3000/AvrRPM1 and UV-C irradiation, result in enhanced PR-1 induction in plants lacking the clade II TGAs (tga256 plants). Increased PR-1 induction was accompanied by enhanced isochorismate synthase-dependent SA production as well as the upregulation of several genes involved in the hormone’s accumulation. In response to avirulent P. syringae, PR-1 was previously shown to be controlled by both SA-dependent and -independent pathways. Therefore, the enhanced induction of PR-1 (and other defense genes) and accumulation of SA in the tga256 mutant plants is consistent with the clade II TGA factors providing negative feedback regulation of the SA-dependent and/or -independent pathways. Together, our results indicate that the TGA transcription factors from clade II negatively control SA accumulation under stress conditions that induce the hormone production. Our study describes a mechanism involving old actors playing new roles in regulating SA homeostasis under stress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TGA Transcription Factors from Clade II Negatively Regulate the Salicylic Acid Accumulation in Arabidopsis

Fonseca

Urzúa

Jeleńska

et al. 2022

IJMS

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show abstract

“…Defense-related hormones are synthesized under stress conditions, and their signaling is activated to defend against environmental stresses [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Meanwhile, they also negatively regulate pathways of growth-related hormones to inhibit growth [ 19 , 43 , 44 ]. Compared with enzymes that function in protein modification, transcription factors that directly change the transcriptome have been less explored in the crosstalk of growth and defense hormones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the accumulated SA is detected by NPR proteins, inducing the expression of SA-responsive genes through TGA transcription factors [ 16 , 17 ]. Moreover, SA is also involved in plant growth inhibition [ 18 , 19 ]. For example, SA binds to and inhibits the activity of the A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, which upregulates the signaling of the growth-related hormone auxin by modulating the phosphorylation status of auxin transporter PIN2 [ 20 ] to dampen growth under pathogen infection conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis Cys2/His2 Zinc Finger Transcription Factor ZAT18 Modulates the Plant Growth-Defense Tradeoff

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Plant defense responses under unfavorable conditions are often associated with reduced growth. However, the mechanisms underlying the growth-defense tradeoff remain to be fully elucidated, especially at the transcriptional level. Here, we revealed a Cys2/His2-type zinc finger transcription factor, namely, ZAT18, which played dual roles in plant immunity and growth by oppositely regulating the signaling of defense- and growth-related hormones. ZAT18 was first identified as a salicylic acid (SA)-inducible gene and was required for plant responses to SA in this study. In addition, we observed that ZAT18 enhanced the plant immunity with growth penalties that may have been achieved by activating SA signaling and repressing auxin signaling. Further transcriptome analysis of the zat18 mutant showed that the biological pathways of defense-related hormones, including SA, ethylene and abscisic acid, were repressed and that the biological pathways of auxin and cytokinin, which are growth-related hormones, were activated by abolishing the function of ZAT18. The ZAT18-mediated regulation of hormone signaling was further confirmed using qRT-PCR. Our results explored a mechanism by which plants handle defense and growth at the transcriptional level under stress conditions.

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“…For example, height and biomass in cotton [9] and dry weight in peanut [17] and mung bean [29] increased with SA application under salinity. Salicylic acid modulates cell division and expansion by regulating the transcription of key genes, such as cell cycle-related genes and cell wall loosening genes [30]. The positive effect of SA on chlorophyll content is due to the stimulation of mineral assimilation and the inhibition of free radical synthesis [7,31].…”

Section: Plant Height and Biological Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Salicylic acid and Silicon on Seed Yield, Oil Content, and Fatty Acids Composition in Safflower under Salinity Stress

Jam

Shekari

Andalibi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Soil and water salinization has global impact on crop production and food security. Application of phytohormones and nutrients management is major approaches to reduce salinity risks. The effects of salicylic acid (0, 600, 1200, and 1800 μM) and silicon (0, 1.5, and 2.5 mM) foliar application on safflower seed yield and quality was investigated under salt stress conditions (1.7, 7.5, and 15 dS m-1). Salinity decreased capitulum number, seed number per capitulum, 100-seed weight, seed yield, oil percentage, oil yield, linoleic acid content, palmitic and linoleic acids yield, and seed potassium content. Application of salicylic acid (SA) and silicon (Si) increased biological yield, seed yield, oil content, oil yield, linoleic acid content, palmitic and linoleic acid yield but decreased stearic and oleic acid content and oleic acid yield. Harvest index was decreased with increasing salinity level, which indicates a stronger effect of salinity on seed yield rather than biomass production. In contrast, SA and Si, whether alone or together increased HI. The appropriate concentration of Si was different in salinity levels. Under non-stress and moderate stress conditions 2.5 mM Si showed better performance, while at severe salinity level, 1.5 mM Si showed a suitable state. Oil content and quality improved by increasing linoleic acid and reducing stearic and palmitic acids by application of SA and Si. Results suggest that the application of 1200 μM SA along with either levels of Si was more effective in improving quantitative and qualitative yield, especially under salinity stress conditions.

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Action of Salicylic Acid on Plant Growth

Cited by 54 publications

References 68 publications

The TGA Transcription Factors from Clade II Negatively Regulate the Salicylic Acid Accumulation in Arabidopsis

The TGA Transcription Factors from Clade II Negatively Regulate the Salicylic Acid Accumulation in Arabidopsis

Arabidopsis Cys2/His2 Zinc Finger Transcription Factor ZAT18 Modulates the Plant Growth-Defense Tradeoff

The Effects of Salicylic acid and Silicon on Seed Yield, Oil Content, and Fatty Acids Composition in Safflower under Salinity Stress

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