“…Some researchers also used CNN to capture information on-site, which can be used for simulation purposes to further improve construction productivity (Park et al, 2021). Meanwhile, various deep learning techniques are also applied to track workers (Fang et al, 2018a(Fang et al, , 2018b(Fang et al, , 2018cSon et al, 2019) and machinery Shih-Chung, 2021a, 2021b;Dong et al, 2022;Rashid and Louis, 2019;Roberts and Golparvar-Fard, 2019;Sim et al, 2020), used for productivity analysis purposes.…”