Action Spectra for Phase Shifts of a Circadian Rhythm in
            <i>Drosophila</i>

Frank, K.D.; Zimmerman, William F.

doi:10.1126/science.163.3868.688

Cited by 109 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…2D); additionally, the photoreceptor pigment for photoperiodism could recognize the long-night cycles (LD 8:16), and the Nanda-Hamner rhythm was entrained by the LD cycle with Tϭ24 h even if the intensity of blue light was as low as 50 mW/m 2 . This high sensitivity to blue light is also comparable with those of the photope-riodic responses in B. mori (Kogure, 1933), M. ulmi (Lees, 1953), A. pernyi (Hayes, 1971), M. viciae (Lees, 1971(Lees, , 1981Hardie et al, 1981), A. proletella (Adams, 1986), and with those of the circadian responses in Drosophila (Frank and Zimmerman, 1969) and P. gossypiella (Bruce and Minis, 1969;Pittendrigh and Minis, 1971). This suggests that in most insects and mites, the photoreceptor pigment for photoperiodism has a high sensitivity to blue light and that the photoreceptor pigment for circadian entrainment is also a bluelight sensitive photoreceptor such as cryptochrome.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Effects of light quality and intensity on diapause induction in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae

Suzuki

Fukunaga

Amano

et al. 2008

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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It has been known that diapause is not induced in populations of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, under continuous darkness (DD). When the light intensity was changed under LD 8:16 at 18°C, the threshold intensity for blue light (475 nm) to induce 50% of diapause was below 50 mW/m 2 ; and the blue light was most effective in photoperiodic induction of diapause. The threshold intensities for green (572 nm) and orange (612 nm) light were 50-500 and 500-2,500 mW/m 2 , respectively. T. urticae showed no sensitivity to red light (658 nm) even at 2,500 mW/m 2 intensity. Low diapause incidence under long wavelengths was probably due to the absence of photoreception by photoreceptor pigments for photoperiodic time measurement, or for circadian entrainment required for photoperiodic induction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Effects of light quality and intensity on diapause induction in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae

Suzuki

Fukunaga

Amano

et al. 2008

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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“…The circadian response action spectrum was measured in Drosophila (82, 83) using eclosion (pupae emergence) as an endpoint. The results indicated a peak in the 420-to 480-nm region and thus were considered "consistent with the possibility that a carotenoid is the photoreceptor, but they do not rule out pterins, flavins and other compounds" (82). Recently, the action spectrum for phase shifting in Drosophila locomotor activity was determined and essentially the same results were obtained (84).…”

Section: Action Spectrasupporting

confidence: 60%

Cryptochrome: The Second Photoactive Pigment in the Eye and Its Role in Circadian Photoreception

Sancar

2000

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

243

201

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Key Words blue-light photoreceptor, flavoprotein, retina, suprachiasmatic nucleus, circadian blind mice, seasonal affective disorder s Abstract Circadian rhythms are oscillations in the biochemical, physiological, and behavioral functions of organisms that occur with a periodicity of approximately 24 h. They are generated by a molecular clock that is synchronized with the solar day by environmental photic input. The cryptochromes are the mammalian circadian photoreceptors. They absorb light and transmit the electromagnetic signal to the molecular clock using a pterin and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as chromophore/cofactors, and are evolutionarily conserved and structurally related to the DNA repair enzyme photolyase. Humans and mice have two cryptochrome genes, CRY1 and CRY2, that are differentially expressed in the retina relative to the opsin-based visual photoreceptors. CRY1 is highly expressed with circadian periodicity in the mammalian circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Mutant mice lacking either Cry1 or Cry2 have impaired light induction of the clock gene mPer1 and have abnormally short or long intrinsic periods, respectively. The double mutant has normal vision but is defective in mPer1 induction by light and lacks molecular and behavioral rhythmicity in constant darkness. Thus, cryptochromes are photoreceptors and central components of the molecular clock. Genetic evidence also shows that cryptochromes are circadian photoreceptors in Drosophila and Arabidopsis, raising the possibility that they may be universal circadian photoreceptors. Research on cryptochromes may provide new understanding of human diseases such as seasonal affective disorder and delayed sleep phase syndrome. CONTENTS

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“…In contrast, dietary depletion of retinal causes markedly subnormal sensitivity of the fly's circadian system insofar as light-induced synchronization of adult locomotion is concerned (Ohata et al 1998). Furthermore, the most efficacious light subserving synchrony of developing Drosophila is in the blue range (Frank and Zimmerman 1969;Klemm and Ninnemann 1976), where CRY absorbs maximally (Sancar 2000). Therefore, one could readily predict that cry b cultures would eclose aperiodiocially-a result that was reported in one study (Myers et al 2003); but dramatically different effects stemmed from another one (Mealey-Ferrara et al 2003).…”

Section: P24mentioning

confidence: 69%

Rhythm Defects Caused by Newly Engineered Null Mutations in Drosophila's cryptochrome Gene

Doleželová¹,

Doležel²,

2007

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Much of the knowledge about cryptochrome function in Drosophila stems from analyzing the cry b mutant. Several features of this variant's light responsiveness imply either that CRY b retains circadianphotoreceptive capacities or that additional CRY-independent light-input routes subserve these processes. Potentially to resolve these issues, we generated cry knock-out mutants (cry 0 's) by gene replacement. They behaved in an anomalously rhythmic manner in constant light (LL). However, cry 0 flies frequently exhibited two separate circadian components in LL, not observed in most previous cry b analyses. Temperature-dependent circadian phenotypes exhibited by cry 0 flies suggest that CRY is involved in core pacemaking. Further locomotor experiments combined cry 0 with an externally blinding mutation (norpA P24 ), which caused the most severe decrements of circadian photoreception observed so far. cry b cultures were shown previously to exhibit either aperiodic or rhythmic eclosion in separate studies. We found cry 0 to eclose in a solidly periodic manner in light:dark cycles or constant darkness. Furthermore, both cry 0 and cry b eclosed rhythmically in LL. These findings indicate that the novel cry 0 type causes more profound defects than does the cry b mutation, implying that CRY b retains residual activity. Because some norpA P24 cry 0 individuals can resynchronize to novel photic regimes, an as-yet undetermined light-input route exists in Drosophila.

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Action Spectra for Phase Shifts of a Circadian Rhythm in Drosophila

Cited by 109 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of light quality and intensity on diapause induction in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae

Effects of light quality and intensity on diapause induction in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae

Cryptochrome: The Second Photoactive Pigment in the Eye and Its Role in Circadian Photoreception

Rhythm Defects Caused by Newly Engineered Null Mutations in Drosophila's cryptochrome Gene

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