Actions and Uses of Dinitrophenol

Cutting, Windsor C.; Mehrtens, H. G.; Tainter, M. L.

doi:10.1001/jama.1933.02740280013006

Cited by 122 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Seventy years ago, DNP was widely used to treat obesity (18)(19)(20). Unfortunately, its over-the-counter accessibility led to uncontrolled use and reports of toxicity and death, so chemical uncoupling of mitochondria was effectively eliminated as a plausible means of treating obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A fundamental system of cellular energy homeostasis regulated by PGC-1α

Rohas

St-Pierre

Uldry

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

190

144

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Maintenance of ATP levels is a critical feature of all cells. Mitochondria are responsible for most ATP synthesis in eukaryotes. We show here that mammalian cells respond to a partial chemical uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation with a decrease in ATP levels, which recovers over several hours to control levels. This recovery occurs through an increased expression of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator 1␣ (PGC-1␣) and mitochondrial genes. Cells and animals lacking PGC-1␣ lose this compensatory mechanism and cannot defend their ATP levels or increase mitochondrial gene expression in response to reduced oxidative phosphorylation. The induction of PGC-1␣ and its mitochondrial target genes is triggered by a burst of intracellular calcium, which causes an increase in cAMP-response-element-binding protein and transducer of regulated cAMP-response-element-binding proteins actions on the PGC-1␣ promoter. These data illustrate a fundamental transcriptional cycle that provides homeostatic control of cellular ATP. In light of this compensatory system that limits the toxicity of mild uncoupling, the use of chemical uncoupling of mitochondria as a means of treating obesity should be re-evaluated. mitochondria ͉ uncoupling

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP), a chemical mitochondrial uncoupler, was widely used in the 1930s as a treatment for obesity (18)(19)(20). Mild doses were amazingly effective, often causing rapid loss of adipose mass and body weight.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A fundamental system of cellular energy homeostasis regulated by PGC-1α

Rohas

St-Pierre

Uldry

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

190

144

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“…The French used DNP in the manufacture of munitions during the First World War [6,7]. Since then, it has also been used as a dye, wood preserver, herbicide and photographic developer.…”

Section: History Of Dinitrophenolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its use for those wishing to lose weight was encouraged by reports of rapid, safe weight loss [7,8]. DNP can cause a significant increase in the basal metabolic rate [7,8].…”

Section: History Of Dinitrophenolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP): A Weight Loss Agent with Significant Acute Toxicity and Risk of Death

2011

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2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) is reported to cause rapid loss of weight, but unfortunately is associated with an unacceptably high rate of significant adverse effects. DNP is sold mostly over the internet under a number of different names as a weight loss/slimming aid. It causes uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation; the classic symptom complex associated with toxicity of phenol-based products such as DNP is a combination of hyperthermia, tachycardia, diaphoresis and tachypnoea, eventually leading to death. Fatalities related to exposure to DNP have been reported since the turn of the twentieth century. To date, there have been 62 published deaths in the medical literature attributed to DNP. In this review, we will describe the pattern and pathophysiology of DNP toxicity and summarise the previous fatalities associated with exposure to DNP.

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Di-Nitrophenol in Treatment of Ichthyosis

Molitch¹

1935

Arch Dermatol

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Actions and Uses of Dinitrophenol

Cited by 122 publications

References 1 publication

A fundamental system of cellular energy homeostasis regulated by PGC-1α

A fundamental system of cellular energy homeostasis regulated by PGC-1α

2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP): A Weight Loss Agent with Significant Acute Toxicity and Risk of Death

Di-Nitrophenol in Treatment of Ichthyosis

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