Actions and Uses of Methorphinan

Controlled Comparison of the Efficacy of Fourteen Preparations in the Relief of Postoperative Pain

“…It has previously been shown to be a powerful analgesic (Glazebrook, 1952;Hunt and Foldes, 1953) with a lower incidence of drowsiness than morphine (Brown, 1954), and might be expected to provide the pain relief with minimal depression of consciousness sought in this trial.…”

Strategies for DevelopingκOpioid Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Pain with Fewer Side Effects

“…Levorphanol is a full agonist at both MOPr and DOPr, and a partial KOPr agonist (Le Rouzic et al, 2019). Levorphanol was effective in treating chronic pain resulting from malignancies and bone or joint disease (Glazebrook, 1952), and post-operative pain following abdominal surgery (Morrison et al, 1971). In addition, as a strong N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist (Pham et al, 2015), levorphanol has inhibitory effects on the uptake of This article has not been copyedited and formatted.…”

<p>Levorphanol in the Perioperative Setting: Decreasing Opioid Requirements While Improving Pain Management</p>

“…The author mentioned that levorphanol “will control postoperative pain as well or better than morphine” and concluded that for relief of pain it “may be found superior to morphine”. 27 …”

“…In general, the use of postoperative levorphanol was associated with longer and more effective analgesia with overall less opioid requirements when compared to other medications including methadone and morphine. 10 , 11 , 27 …”