Actions of radiation on living cells in the “post-bystander” era

Mothersill, Carmel; Seymour, Colin

doi:10.1007/3-7643-7378-4_7

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…It was also shown that cells, directly affected by radiation, can send signals, which cause biological responses in distant neighbouring cells. This phenomenon is currently known as the radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE), describing the processes occurring in cells not directly traversed by an ionising track, but which are affected by signals from irradiated cells [3]. RIBE embraces a variety of the experimentally observed non-targeted effects (including radiation induced adaptive responses [4,5], low dose hypersensitivity [6], genomic instability [7] increased cell death and mutations [8][9][10] which are not necessarily detrimental, depending on how these associated effects are considered from a radiation protection or radiation therapy point of view in normal or cancerous tissues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation and radiotherapy

Sjostedt

Bezak

2010

Australas Phys Eng Sci Med

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Modern radiobiology is undergoing rapid change due to new discoveries contradicting the target concept which is currently used to predict dose-response relationships. Thus relatively recently discovered radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBEs), that include additional death, mutation and radio-adaptation in non-irradiated cells, change our understanding of the target concept and broadens its boundaries. This can be significant from a radioprotection point of view and also has the potential to reassess radiation damage models currently used in radiotherapy. This article reviews briefly the general concepts of RIBEs such as the proposed underlying mechanisms of signal induction and propagation, experimental approaches and biological end points used to investigate these phenomena. It also summarises several mathematical models currently proposed in an attempt to quantify RIBE. The main emphasis of this article is to review and highlight the potential impact of the bystander phenomena in radiotherapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-targeted effects of ionising radiation and radiotherapy

Sjostedt

Bezak

2010

Australas Phys Eng Sci Med

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“…Mothersill and Seymour (2006) argue that cell communication via signaling pathways is coordinating the radiation response at low doses and that bystander effects are beneficial at some level of organization that supersedes the individual cell. They also pose the fascinating suggestion that genomic instability may represent part of the mechanism by which adaptation to altered environmental conditions is achieved at the population level (Mothersill and Seymour 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Bystander Effects Simulated with the State-Vector Model

Schöllnberger

Eckl

2007

Dose-Response

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Apoptosis induced in non-hit bystander cells is an important biological mechanism which operates after exposure to low doses of low-LET radiation. This process was implemented into a deterministic multistage model for in vitro neoplastic transformation: the State-Vector Model (SVM). The new model is tested on two data sets that show a reduction of the transformation frequency below the spontaneous level after exposure of the human hybrid cell line CGL1 to low doses of gamma-radiation. Stronger protective effects are visible in the data for delayed plating while the data for immediate plating show more of an LNT-like dose-response curve. It is shown that the model can describe both data sets. The calculation of the time-dependent numerical solution of the model also allows to obtain information about the time-dependence of the protective apoptosis-mediated process after low dose exposures. These findings are compared with experimental observations after high dose exposures.

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“…The uncertain nature of the biological response to low doses of radiation indicates the need to investigate the sensitivity of aquatic biota in low and high dose rates (Mothersill et al, 2002;Prise et al, 2003). The effects and biological significance of doses below a few mGy (or dose rates below 1 mGy/h), have been highly contested for many years (Lorimore and Wright, 2003;Mothersill and Seymour, 2006). Ecotoxicological effects of ionizing radiation have been seriously considered by the scientific and regulatory community during the past decade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%