Activated carbon and cellulose-reinforced biodegradable chitosan foams

Ergün, Mehmet Emin

doi:10.15376/biores.18.1.1215-1231

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Removing the solvent in the suspension also causes the xanthan gum and cellulose fibers to intertwine. It is known that this has a significant effect on the density increase of the produced foam material [ 51 ]. Xanthan gum has the most significant effect on the density value of the produced foam material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Xanthan Gum Foam’s Material Properties Using Machine Learning Methods

Ergün,

Ergün

2024

Polymers

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Xanthan gum is commonly used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. However, there have been no studies on utilizing this natural biopolymer as a foam material in the insulation and packaging sectors, which are large markets, or modeling it using an artificial neural network. In this study, foam material production was carried out in an oven using different ratios of cellulose fiber and xanthan gum in a 5% citric acid medium. As a result of the physical and mechanical experiments conducted, it was determined that xanthan gum had a greater impact on the properties of the foam material than cellulose. The densities of the produced foam materials ranged from 49.42 kg/m3 to 172.2 kg/m3. In addition, the compressive and flexural moduli were found to vary between 235.25 KPa and 1257.52 KPa and between 1939.76 KPa and 12,736.39 KPa, respectively. Five machine-learning-based methods (multiple linear regression, support vector machines, artificial neural networks, least squares methods, and generalized regression neural networks) were utilized to analyze the effects of the components used in the foam formulation. These models yielded accurate results without time, material, or cost losses, making the process more efficient. The models predicted the best results for density, compression modulus, and flexural modulus achieved in the experimental tests. The generalized regression neural network model yielded impressive results, with R2 values above 0.97, enabling the acquisition of more quantitative data with fewer experimental results.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Xanthan Gum Foam’s Material Properties Using Machine Learning Methods

Ergün,

Ergün

2024

Polymers

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“…There were many studies in which the mechanical properties of materials produced with the addition of zinc borate at high rates were adversely affected. 18,39 Previous studies indicated that the concentration of chitosan and its molecular weight have a positive effect on the mechanical properties of chitosan-based materials. For example, increasing the concentration of chitosan from 0.5% to 3% in chitosan films gave rise to an increase in their mechanical properties, 40 and an increase in the concentration of chitosan from 1% to 5% resulted in higher mechanical strength of chitosan hydrogels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,16 Cellulose and chitosan have made them popular biopolymers to manufacture and/or reinforce otherwise weak materials, including foams. 17,18 These two biopolymers utilize in many industries, such as paper, pharmaceutics, food, water treatment,, biomedical treatment, agriculture, cosmetics, and textiles. 19 Cellulose is crystalline, strong, and rigid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl acetate foams reinforced with biopolymers

Ergun,

Ozen,

Yildirim

et al. 2023

Cellular Polymers

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The study developed and designed polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) foams using advanced freeze-drying technology, which exhibited good heat-insulating ability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties. Different combinations of bleach kraft pulp, water-soluble chitosan, and zinc borate were used to reinforce the foams. The foams exhibited desirable compression and flexural properties, with compression strength and compression modulus ranging from 0.01 MPa to 0.08 MPa and 0.05 MPa to 0.29 MPa, respectively, while flexural strength and flexural modulus ranged from 0.12 MPa to 5.37 MPa and 9.86 MPa to 260,85 MPa, respectively. The use of zinc borate as a reinforcement resulted in improved thermal properties and reduced mass loss at 600°C by 20.69%. Thermal conductivity tests indicated that the foams had low thermal conductivity values ranging from 0.037 W/mK to 0.074 W/mK. The foams with zinc borate (60 g/L) and high molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (70 g/L) reinforcement exhibited high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.72%. Overall, the results suggest that the PVAc foams could serve as a promising sustainable alternative in thermal insulation and construction fields.

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“…Previous studies indicated that when activated carbon used in different matrices and with various materials, enhances its mechanical properties, 61 while excessive amounts of activated carbon and other type fillers added to the mixture tend to diminish these mechanical characteristics. 62,63 In a rubber related study, it was reported that adding activated carbon produced by the physical activation method to the SBR matrix up to 20%-30% improves the mechanical properties, however, due to the formation of clustering in the rubber matrix with the addition of activated carbon over 30%, the interaction of the rubber filler and the mechanical properties decreased. 64 In another study, activated carbon produced by physical activation method from dry Tecoma leaves was added to standard Malaysian rubber.…”

Section: Breaking Strength (Tensile Strength) and Unit Elongation Exp...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the usability of activated carbon as a filling material in nitrile butadiene rubber/natural rubber components and modeling by regression analysis

Bülbül,

Ergün

2023

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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Activated carbon is a versatile material with a wide range of applications due to its porous structure and large surface area. In this study, activated carbon was manufactured from cellulose using zinc chloride and phosphoric acid activation agents, and it was characterized using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FE-SEM), Energy Distribution Spectroscopy (EDS), mapping, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR). Two different types of activated carbon utilized as a filler in Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR)/Natural Rubber (NR) blends at different proportions (%0, %5, %10, %15 and 20%), and compared its properties to those of carbon black. The results showed that the addition of activated carbon improved the mechanical properties of the rubber blends, including hardness, tensile strength, and unit elongation. Furthermore, the experimental data obtained were used to examine the effects of carbon black, activated carbon salt, and activated carbon acid values on density, hardness, tensile strength, and percentage elongation variables using Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR). These models provided successful results in predicting the data with fewer experiments. The results have the potential to contribute to the promotion of the use of environmentally friendly materials in future research and to be an important step towards a sustainable industry.

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Activated carbon and cellulose-reinforced biodegradable chitosan foams

Cited by 15 publications

References 57 publications

Modeling Xanthan Gum Foam’s Material Properties Using Machine Learning Methods

Modeling Xanthan Gum Foam’s Material Properties Using Machine Learning Methods

Mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl acetate foams reinforced with biopolymers

Investigation of the usability of activated carbon as a filling material in nitrile butadiene rubber/natural rubber components and modeling by regression analysis

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