Activated Carbon Prepared from Semi-Coke as an Effective Adsorbent for Dyes

Abstract

With the development of the dye industry, dye wastewater emissions have increased dramatically. The presence of dyes in untreated effluents is unfriendly to the environment, for example, coloring water bodies, disturbing the aquatic system, being chronic and acute toxicities to human beings, etc. So dye-containing wastewater requires treatment before disposal. The most common techniques for removing dyes include membrane separation [1, 2], advanced oxidation [3, 4], and biological treatment [5, 6], etc. However, there are certain disadvantages of these techniques such as high cost or secondary pollution. The adsorption technique is considered to be an effective method for wastewater treatment, especially with activated carbon due to its high adsorption capacity [7-12]. However, the high initial and regeneration cost of activated carbon limits its use [13, 14]. Hence, many investigators are studying for the alternate adsorbents that are equivalent to activated carbon, but inexpensive and abundant. These include: shell [15, 16], sludge [17], slag [18], palm fruit bunch [19], and straw [20]. As the product of coal gasification at medium temperature, semi-coke is the raw material of certain industries such as ferroalloy, calcium carbide and so on. During the transportation and production process, a large amount of semi-coke powder with particle size less than 3 mm is produced. This powder becomes solid waste for not meeting the production process requirements. So semi-coke powder is cheap and available, and moreover it has some beneficial properties in preparation of activated carbon. As solid waste, semi-coke powder is harmful to the environment. When it is prepared to be activated carbon it becomes

Synthesis and characterization of peanut shell-derived ferromagnetic activated carbon: application in the Fenton process for the degradation of methyl orange

“…The peaks around Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of (A) precursor peanut shells (B) AC-PS, and (C) AC-PS@FeII. and 65 °of AC-PS@FeII are the characteristic of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), which indicates a cubic spinel structure of indexed peaks like ( 220), ( 311), ( 400), (422), and (400) (Dong et al, 2020). The presence of crystalline phases of iron confirms the insertion of iron ions into the carbon.…”

“…For the raw material, the peak observed at 2θ = 23 °is attributed to different planar crystal structures of carbon (Dong et al, 2020). In terms of crystallinity, much of the structure of the activated carbon is amorphous based on the diffractogram pattern.…”