Activated Carbons for Medical Applications. In vitro Microparticle Characterization and Solute Adsorption

Wagenen, R.A. Van; Steggall, Mary; Lentz, David J.; Andrade, J. D.

doi:10.3109/10731197509118630

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…If they do cross, the mechanisms underlying this process could be particle size- and charge-dependent [ 27 ]. The overwhelming amount of micro-/nanoparticles may be present on the surface of p/o-delivered AC beads, which is characteristic of many types of uncoated granular AC [ 28 ]. It is worthy to note that AC particles can be ingested by sinusoidal macrophages capable of transporting them to BM parenchyma [ 29 , 30 ], although, as reviewed in Ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myeloprotection with activated carbon in doxorubicin-treated rats

Gerashchenko

Sarnatskaya

Bardakhivska

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myeloprotection with activated carbon in doxorubicin-treated rats

Gerashchenko

Sarnatskaya

Bardakhivska

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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“…Since adsorptive capacity is a function of the total surface area and pore size structure resulting from the activation of the carbon (13), the surface area …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of a Charcoal Sorbent Fiber with Commercial Charcoals for Hemoperfusion

et al. 1983

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A charcoal sorbent fiber (Enka, F.R.G.), was assessed for impurities, surface area, and adsorptive properties of its native charcoal, and compared with other uncoated activated charcoals. In vivo and in vitro hemocompatibility of the fiber were assessed as well as the adsorptive properties for endogenous toxins. The charcoal of the fiber had few impurities and a high surface area of 1,200 m2/g charcoal. For measuring the adsorptive speeds, 2 g of the uncoated charcoals were milled and screened to a particle size of 150-250 microns (Enka; 30-40 microns) and then mixed with the solutions of the individual solutes. The charcoal types of Enka, used in the charcoal sorbent fiber, and of Sutcliffe Speakman, used in the acrylic hydrogel coated charcoal, exhibited the highest adsorptive rates for bromthalein (middle molecular weight marker) and inulin (high molecular weight marker). No hematological differences among the various charcoals were found during the in vivo hemoperfusions. In the in vitro hemoperfusions with heparinized fresh blood, the fibers showed the lowest loss of leucocytes and thrombocytes. In the in vitro evaluation of the absorbents for hepatic support, the charcoal fiber and the petroleum pitch charcoal of Asahi had the best adsorptive properties for substances in the low molecular weight range.

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“…Regardless of the purity obtained, all these mBSs have a distinct color (e.g., orange), which in some applications is not desired. The use of activated carbon is often adopted for product decolorization [ 27 , 28 ]. In this regard, Dubey et al [ 29 ] recovered 89% of the RMs produced with a medium based on distillery wastewater, and these biosurfactants used activated carbon (AC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Organic Solvent Nanofiltration Approaches for Microbial Biosurfactants Downstream Processing

et al. 2023

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Glycolipid biosurfactants are the most prominent group of microbial biosurfactants, comprising rhamnolipids, sophorolipids and mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs). Usually, large amounts of hydrophobic substrates (e.g., vegetable oils) are used to achieve high titers (~200 g/L) of a crude product of low purity at values limited to 50–60%, contaminated with unconsumed triacylglycerol and residual free fatty acids and monoacylglycerides. The methods reported for the removal of these contaminants use a mixture of organic solvents, compromising solvent recyclability and increasing final process costs. This study reports, for the first time, an innovative downstream method for MELs, in which 90% of the triacylglycerols are separated from the crude MEL mixture in a first stage and the other lipid derivatives (free fatty acids, mono- and diacylglycerols) are removed by organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN). Three commercially available membranes (GMT-oNF-2, PuraMEm-600 and DuramMem-500) and several homemade membranes, casted from 22, 24 or 26% (w/v) polybenzimidazole (PBI) solutions, were assessed for crude MELs purification by diafiltration. A final purity of 87–90% in the MELs was obtained by filtering two diavolumes of methanol or ethyl acetate solutions through a PBI 26% membrane, resulting in MELs losses of 14.7 ± 6.1% and 15.3 ± 2.2%, respectively. Higher biosurfactant purities can be archived using the PBI 26% membrane at higher DV, but at the cost of higher product losses. Namely, in MeOH, the use of 6 DV leads to losses of 32% for MELs and 18% for sophorolipids. To obtain MELs at reagent grade with purities equal or higher than 97%, a two-sequential cascade filtration approach was implemented using the commercial membrane, GMT-oNF. In such a process, MELs with 98% purity was obtained at the cost of 11.6% MELs losses. Finally, decoloration, important in some applications, was successfully assessed using activated carbon. Overall, this study reports a unique solution for microbial biosurfactants production with minimal product losses, enabling solvent recycling and potentially reducing costs.

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Activated Carbons for Medical Applications. In vitro Microparticle Characterization and Solute Adsorption

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Myeloprotection with activated carbon in doxorubicin-treated rats

Myeloprotection with activated carbon in doxorubicin-treated rats

Comparison of a Charcoal Sorbent Fiber with Commercial Charcoals for Hemoperfusion

Novel Organic Solvent Nanofiltration Approaches for Microbial Biosurfactants Downstream Processing

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