Activated carbons from agricultural waste solvothermally doped with sulphur as electrodes for supercapacitors

High Performance N‐Doped Carbon Electrodes Obtained via Hydrothermal Carbonization of Macroalgae for Supercapacitor Applications

“…All galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) curves showed highly linear behaviour and nearly symmetric triangular properties (Figure d, Figure S5). Only a small voltage drop ( IR ) was observed at 10 A/g current density with IR values of ∼0.08, 0.07, and 0.05 V for AHC‐ 600 , AHC‐ 700 , and AHC‐ 800 , respectively, indicating excellent coulombic efficiency for all samples ,. The specific capacitance at various current densities were plotted in Figure e, with capacitance values of 198, 228, and 214 F/g at 0.1 A/g current density for AHC‐ 600 , AHC‐ 700 and AHC‐ 800 , respectively, and remained 156, 159, and 157 F/g at 10 A/g current density, respectively.…”

“…reported N‐doped carbons with surface areas of ∼2400 m 2 /g from hydrothermal carbonization and activation using microalgae as biomass precursor. The use of biomass‐derived cellulose for producing porous carbons as electrodes for supercapacitor has also been reported giving excellent performance and the incorporation of certain types heteroatoms into frameworks has shown to notably increase the energy storage capacity ,,. Moreover, freestanding biomass‐derived have also been recently developed as potential candidates for flexible energy storage devices …”

Introducing catalytic gasification into chemical activation for the conversion of natural coal into hierarchically porous carbons with broadened pore size for enhanced supercapacitive utilization

“…To boost the capacitive properties of porous carbon materials, substantial progresses have been made on engineering the porous structure, for instance, microporous carbon, 10,11 mesoporous carbon 12 and especially, hierarchical porous carbon. [13][14][15] Moreover, owing to the pseudocapacitive effect of heteroatom doped on carbon materials, doping carbon materials also have explored, for instance, Fu et al have worked on nitrogen doped porous carbon materials, [16][17][18] in addition, oxygen, 19 phosphorus, 20 boron 21 and sulfur 22,23 also arouse the attention of the researchers. Besides, considering the cost and resource abundance, in recent years, porous carbons derived from natural biomass and coals have been extensively excavated and show incremental improvements in EES utilizations.…”

Flat-shaped carbon–graphene microcomposites as electrodes for high energy supercapacitors

“…Hence, the incorporation of heteroatoms into the carbon surface/lattice can modify the electronic properties of porous carbon materials, improving their electronic conductivity and at the same time promoting the generation of functional groups that may undergo fast redox reactions, thus providing a pseudocapacitive contribution to the overall capacitance. 14 The functionalization of carbon materials with several heteroatoms (oxygen, 15 nitrogen, 16 boron, 17 or sulfur 18 ) has been extensively explored but scarce reports are available on phosphorus-functionalized porous carbon materials, which calls for future research on this heteroatom. 19 Phosphorus rich carbons have also been demonstrated to increase the capacitance due to pseudocapacitive processes, even if the mechanisms behind this behavior are not completely understood yet.…”