Activated carbons in full-scale advanced wastewater treatment

Mestre, Ana S.; Campinas, Margarida; Viegas, R.M. C.; Mesquita, E.; Carvalho, Ana P.; Rosa, Maria João

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90485-8.00001-1

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Activated carbon (AC) adsorbs a broad spectrum of organics due to its large surface area and high degree of surface interactions. Consequently, powdered and granular activated carbon (PAC and GAC, respectively) are applied to remove recalcitrant CECs in WWTP effluents ( Mestre et al., 2022 ). PAC is generally more efficient than GAC, because its smaller size enables dosing it (10–20 mg L − 1 ) into biological treatment processes ( Gutiérrez et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Technological and Management Solutions For Safe And Sustaina...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating risks and maximizing sustainability of treated wastewater reuse for irrigation

Yalin,

Craddock,

Assouline

et al. 2023

Water Research X

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Section: Technological and Management Solutions For Safe And Sustaina...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating risks and maximizing sustainability of treated wastewater reuse for irrigation

Yalin,

Craddock,

Assouline

et al. 2023

Water Research X

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“…Six grab samples of well-clarified (turbidity < 2 NTU, total suspended solids (TSS) < 4 mg/L) secondary effluents of two Portuguese WWTPs (collected after secondary (biological) treatment) were used in the adsorption assays. These real waters contained the dissolved organic and inorganic matrices of most real applications of PAC in WWTPs, i.e., directly added to the complete-mix biological reactor or downstream of the secondary treatment [1,18]. The water was preserved at 8 • C, being characterized and used in the adsorption assays within 24 h.…”

Section: Wastewaters Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water is a critical transport system for the dissemination of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) into the environment. The European Union is aware of these problems as can be seen from the seven directives published in the last two decades, including pharmaceuticals from distinct therapeutic classes, pesticides and fungicides [1]. This issue is also being addressed by the US Environmental Protection Agency that, in 2009 and 2016, added hormones to the drinking water contaminant candidate list.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Factors for Activated Carbon Adsorption of Pharmaceutical Compounds from Wastewaters: A Multivariate Modelling Approach

Viegas

Mestre

Mesquita

et al. 2022

Water

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Projection to Latent Structures (PLS) regression, a generalization of multiple linear regression, is used to model two datasets (40 observed data points each) of adsorption removal of three pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs), of different therapeutic classes and physical–chemical properties (carbamazepine, diclofenac, and sulfamethoxazole), from six real secondary effluents collected from wastewater treatment plants onto different powdered activated carbons (PACs). For the PLS regression, 25 descriptors were considered: 7 descriptors related to the PhCs properties, 10 descriptors related to the wastewaters properties (8 related to the organic matrix and 2 to the inorganic matrix), and 8 descriptors related to the PACs properties. This modelling approach showed good descriptive capability, showing that hydrophobic PhC-PAC interactions play the major role in the adsorption process, with the solvation energy and log Kow being the most suitable descriptors. The results also stress the importance of the competition effects of water dissolved organic matter (DOM), namely of its slightly hydrophobic compounds impacting the adsorption capacity or its charged hydrophilic compounds impacting the short-term adsorption, while the water inorganic matrix only appears to impact PAC adsorption capacity and not the short-term adsorption. For the pool of PACs tested, the results point to the BET area as a good descriptor of the PAC capacity, while the short-term adsorption kinetics appears to be better related to its supermicropore volume and density. The improvement in these PAC properties should be regarded as a way of refining their performance. The correlations obtained, involving the impact of water, PhC and PAC-related descriptors, show the existence of complex interactions that a univariate analysis is not sufficient to describe.

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“…Moreover, the features of the synthesized materials and their performance for the adsorption of target pharmaceutical compounds allow to envisage application in water treatment technologies. The apparent density of the materials will favor their separation by settling and the high volume of supermicropores associated with some mesopores will enable a good performance in competitive scenarios such as those found in wastewater treatment plants [8,10,51].…”

Section: Ibuprofen (Ibu) Iopamidol (Iop)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Technologies based on adsorption onto activated carbons are an example of those processes which also present the advantage of being easily implemented in the existing plants [3], as proved in a full-scale addition of powdered activated carbon to the activated sludge reactor of an urban wastewater treatment plant, during the recently developed LIFE Impetus project [4]. The data gathered not only through academic studies [5][6][7][8][9] but also when these processes were implemented in the wastewater treatment plants prove that this is a viable method to improve effluents quality, namely regarding the removal of pharmaceutical compounds [4,10,11]. Therefore, our group has been interested in testing new precursors and alternative preparation methodologies to obtain highly porous activated carbons that could be considered candidates for the removal of recalcitrant compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steam Activation of Acid-Chars for Enhanced Textural Properties and Pharmaceuticals Removal

et al. 2022

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The present work aims to explore steam activation of sisal or glucose-derived acid-chars as an alternative to KOH activation to prepare superactivated carbons, and to assess the adsorption performance of acid-chars and derived activated carbons for pharmaceuticals removal. Acid-chars were prepared from two biomass precursors (sisal and glucose) using various H2SO4 concentrations (13.5 M, 12 M, and 9 M) and further steam-activated at increasing burn-off degrees. Selected materials were tested for the removal of ibuprofen and iopamidol from aqueous solution (kinetic and equilibrium assays) in single-solute conditions. Activated carbons prepared from acid-char carbonized with 13.5 M and 12 M H2SO4 are mainly microporous solids composed of compact rough particles, yielding a maximum surface area and a total pore volume of 1987 m2 g−1 and 0.96 cm3 g−1, respectively. Solid state NMR reveals that steam activation increased the aromaticity degree and amount of C=O functionalities. Steam activation improved the acid-chars adsorption capacity for ibuprofen from 20-65 mg g−1 to higher than 280 mg g−1, leading to fast adsorption kinetics (15–20 min). The maximum adsorption capacities of selected activated samples for ibuprofen and iopamidol were 323 and 1111 mg g−1, respectively.

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Activated carbons in full-scale advanced wastewater treatment

Cited by 10 publications

References 64 publications

Mitigating risks and maximizing sustainability of treated wastewater reuse for irrigation

Mitigating risks and maximizing sustainability of treated wastewater reuse for irrigation

Key Factors for Activated Carbon Adsorption of Pharmaceutical Compounds from Wastewaters: A Multivariate Modelling Approach

Steam Activation of Acid-Chars for Enhanced Textural Properties and Pharmaceuticals Removal

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