Activated Carbons: In Vitro Affinity for Fumonisin B1 and Relation of Adsorption Ability to Physicochemical Parameters

Abstract

In vitro affinity tests were conducted to assess the effectiveness of 19 activated carbons (ACs), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), and sepiolite (S) in binding fumonisin B1 (FB1) from solution. Relationships between adsorption ability and physicochemical parameters of ACs (specific surface area, iodine value, and methylene blue index) were tested. When 5 ml of a 4-μg/ml aqueous solution of FB1 was treated with 10 mg of AC, ACs adsorbed 0.46 to 100% of the FB1. HSCAS and S were not effective in binding FB1. In two saturation tests carried out with decreased amounts of sorbent (5 and 2 mg, respectively), three ACs also showed high adsorption ability (adsorbing 96.48 to 99.20% of the FB1) A general relationship between adsorption ability and the physicochemical parameters of the ACs was observed, supporting the inference of a close relationship between molecule trapping and surface physicochemical adsorption processes. The methylene blue index was more reliable than iodine number and surface area for predicting ability of ACs to adsorb FB1. In tests of simultaneous adsorption ability carried out using 5 ml of a solution containing 10 μg/ml FB1 plus 50 μg/ml aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)and 2 or 5 mg of sorbent, ACs showed a higher affinity for AFB1 than for FB1. However, two ACs bound ca. 100% of the two mycotoxins. When 5 ml of an aqueous extract solution obtained from naturally contaminated corn containing 1.84 μg/ml FB1 and 0.042 μg/ml AFB1 was treated with 10 mg of sorbent, one AC adsorbed ca. 95% and 99% of FB1 and AFB1, respectively. It is concluded that certain ACs have high in vitro affinity for FB1 and AFB1 singly or in combination, and may hold promise as multi-mycotoxin sequestering agents. However, further in vivo investigations are neededto confirm the abilities of ACs to sequester the most important mycotoxins singly or in combinations, establish the amounts to be added to feeds, and determine any long-term effects they may have on gastrointestinal absorption of essential nutrients.

Anti-Fusarium moniliforme activity and fumonisin biodegradation by corn and silage microflora

“…(Jackson et al, 1996). Although the literature reports increasing number of chemical detoxification processes, with emphasis on the adsorption using multifunctional chelating agents (Galvano et al, 1997;Park et al, 1997), there are still doubts regarding the negative effect on nutritional and commercial value of a chelate adsorbed products. Emphasis should be given to the promising potential of strain S69, which showed an antagonistic activity associated with detoxification twice more effective than the other microorganisms.…”

“…Characterized as tricarboxylated amino polyalcohol, similar to esfingosins, they cause toxicity, inducing cerebral lesion-LEME in horses, lung edema in swines, imunodepression in poultry and hepatic carcinogenicity in rats Gelderblom et al, 1991;Norred,1993). Recent works have also reported nephrosis, thrombosis, atherosclerosis and toxicosis in other animals (Norred, 1993;Galvano et al,1997). In humans, the natural occurrence was associated with oesophageal cancer in South Africa and China Rheder et al, 1992;Wang et al, 1995).…”

“…The use of Ca(OH) 2 and/or H 2 O 2 and NaHCO 3 reduced respectively, 81% and 100% of FB 1 (Park et al, 1997). A promising procedure is the adsorption method that uses multisequestring agents, like aluminum silicates and sepiolites, with recent inclusion of activated carbon, capable of adsorbing 100% of AFB 1 and FB 1 (Galvano et al, 1997). However, chemical agents affect functional properties of the grain, while adsorbents could affect nutritional components.…”

In vitro assessment of the effectiveness of non-nutritive sorbent materials as binding agents for boar taint compounds

“…However, several studies have shown that results obtained in vitro do not always correlate with the efficacy of binding in vivo. In vitro studies by Galvano et al (1997) show that AC has high affinity toward fumonisin B 1 ; however, an inclusion rate of 20 mg/g diet of AC to fumonisin-contaminated diets showed no protection to rats against fumonisin B 1 (Solfrizzo et al, 2001).…”

Efficacy of non-nutritive sorbent materials as intestinal-binding agents for the control of boar taint

“…Tween-60 (Tween; polyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate) belongs to the polysorbate family of surfactants used extensively in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries to solubilize essential oils into water-based products (Oser and Oser, 1956). They are also similar in structure and function to sucrose polyesters, known to interrupt the enterohepatic circulation of persistent organic pollutants by competing with intestinal micelles for lipophilic nutrients (Cooper et al, 1997;Meijer et al, 2006 Galvano et al (1997) show that AC has high affinity towards fumonisin B 1 ; however, an inclusion rate of 20 mg/g diet of AC to fumonisincontaminated diets showed no protection to rats against fumonisin B 1 (Solfrizzo et al, 2001). Therefore, as a follow up from our promising in vitro binding studies, we wanted to next determine whether adding binding agents in the diet before slaughter would decrease levels of AND and skatole in boars.…”