Activating effects of interferons, lymphokines and viruses on cultured chicken macrophages¹

Recombinant chicken interferon: a potent antiviral agent that lacks intrinsic macrophage activating factor activity

“…Biochemical data concerning pH stability and heat resistance of this "immune 1FN"of the chicken conflict [9,[16][17][18]. A neutralizing antiserum to partially purified virus-induced ChIFN was able to neutralize the antiviral [9, 141 as well as the MAF activity [9] present in supernatants of induced spleen cells, suggesting that "immune" IFN and virus-induced ChIFN might be identical.…”

Mucosal immune responses in the trachea after chronic infection withMycoplasma gallisepticumin unvaccinated and vaccinated mature chickens

“…Infiltration of macrophages into the tracheal mucosa and increased transcription of the IFN-γ gene in the Challenged-only group could also reflect the activation of macrophages (VonBülow, Weiler, & Klasen, 1984). Activated antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages and B cells, in the tracheal mucosa may process and present antigens to CD4 + cells through enhanced expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II antigens (Qureshi, 2003;Song et al, 1997), thus enhancing pathogen recognition and phagocytosis by macrophages (Qureshi, 2003).…”

Marek's disease vaccine activates chicken macrophages

“…Macrophages from MD-susceptible line 7 2 have greater antiviral activities than macrophages of MD-resistant line 6 3 [ 27 ]. Although the mechanism of inhibition of MDV replication has not been fully described, it has been postulated that IFNs and macrophage activating factor may have essential roles [ 37 ]. While NO induces a direct inhibitory effect on viral replication and infection, other mediators released by activated macrophages regulate natural killer (NK) cell activation and IFN-γ production, leading to a positive feedback that increases the activation of both cell types within tissues and, ultimately, an effective innate immune response [ 5 14 25 32 ].…”