Activation method for determining the carbon content of natural crystals

Minaev, V. M.; Шилобреева, С. Н.; Кадик, А. А.

doi:10.1007/bf02040193

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The total C concentration in the laboratory-grown MgO single crystals is probably of the order of 50-100 ppm (21,26). Similar total C concentrations have been reported for upper mantle-derived olivine crystals (27,28), and at least 5 ppm C 2 OC 6 hydrocarbons.…”

supporting

confidence: 75%

“…On the early continents many of the rocks exposed at the surface were probably peridotites, rich in olivine and other minerals that weather rapidly under the effect of CO 2 -saturated meteoric water. Assume that the volume of rock recycled was of the order of 3 km 3 ͞yr (10 16 g͞yr), the same as today (42), and that their solute C content was of the order of 100 ppm as in olivine (27,28). If 1͞10 of this solute C or 10 ppm were in form of C x OH y OO z protomolecules, the weathering cycle would have produced organics at a rate of about 10 11 g͞yr.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Organic protomolecule assembly in igneous minerals

Freund

Staple

Scoville

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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COH stretching bands, CH, in the infrared spectrum of single crystals of nominally high purity, of laboratory-grown MgO, and of natural upper mantle olivine, provide an ''organic'' signature that closely resembles the symmetrical and asymmetrical COH stretching modes of aliphatic OCH 2 units. The CH bands indicate that H2O and CO2, dissolved in the matrix of these minerals, converted to form H 2 and chemically reduced C, which in turn formed COH entities, probably through segregation into defects such as dislocations. Heating causes the COH bonds to pyrolyze and the CH bands to disappear, but annealing at 70°C causes them to reappear within a few days or weeks. Modeling dislocations in MgO suggests that the segregation of C can lead to C x chains, x ‫؍‬ 4, with the terminal C atoms anchored to the MgO matrix by bonding to two O ؊ . Allowing H2 to react with such Cx chains leads to [O2C(CH2)2CO2] or similar precipitates. It is suggested that such C xOHyOOz entities represent protomolecules from which derive the short-chain carboxylic and dicarboxylic and the medium-chain fatty acids that have been solvent-extracted from crushed MgO and olivine single crystals, respectively. Thus, it appears that the hard, dense matrix of igneous minerals represents a medium in which protomolecular units can be assembled. During weathering of rocks, the protomolecular units turn into complex organic molecules. These processes may have provided stereochemically constrained organics to the early Earth that were crucial to the emergence of life.

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supporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%